Seminars in Oncology
Volume 30, Issue 5 , Pages 562-566 , October 2003

The case for a biologically based classification of prostate cancer

  • Christopher J Logothetis

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Christopher J. Logothetis, MD, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    • Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

References 

  1. Samuels M, Holoye P, Johnson D. Bleomycin combination chemotherapy in the management of testicular neoplasia. Cancer. 1975;36:318–326
  2. Einhorn LH. Testicular cancer as a model for a curable neoplasm (The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award Lecture). Cancer Res. 1981;41:3275–3280
  3. In:  Dixon F,  Moore R editor. Atlas of Tumor Pathology (vol fascicle 31 B, section 8). Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1952;p. 32
  4. Schiffer CA. Acute myeloid leukemia in adults (Where do we go from here?). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2001;48(suppl):S45–S52
  5. Nelson WG, Simons JW, Mikhak B, et al.  Cancer cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor using ex vivo gene transfer as vaccines for the treatment of genitourinary malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2000;46(suppl):S67–S72
  6. Scher HI, Mazumdar M, Kelly WK. Clinical trials in relapsed prostate cancer (Defining the target). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88:1623–1634
  7. Lee WH, Isaacs WB, Bova GS, et al.  CG island methylation changes near the GSTP1 gene in prostatic carcinoma cells detected using the polymerase chain reaction (A new prostate cancer biomarker). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997;6:443–450
  8. Nelson WG, DeWeese TL, De Marzo AM, et al.  Prostate cancer prevention. In:  Kantoff PW,  Carroll PR,  D’Amico AW editor. Prostate Cancer (Principles and Practice). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002;p. 67–72
  9. Mohan S, Bayllink DJ. Bone growth factors. Clin Orthop. 1991;263:30–48
  10. Whitmore Willet F. Natural history of low-stage prostatic cancer and the impact of early detction. Urol Clin North Am. 1990;17:689–697
  11. Shepard TF, Platz EA, Kantoff PW, et al.  No association between the 1105V polymorphism of the glutathione S- transferase P1 gene (GSTP1) and prostate cancer risk (A prospective study). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:1267–1268
  12. Harlan L, Brawley O, Pommerenke F, et al.  Geographic, age and racial variation in the treatment of local/regional carcinoma of the prostate. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:93–100
  13. De Marzo AM, Marchi VL, Epstein JI, et al.  Proliferative inflammatory atrophy of the prostate (Implications for prostatic carcinogenesis). Am J Pathol. 1999;155:1985–1992
  14. Sakr WA, Haas GP, Cassin BF, et al.  The frequency of carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia of the prostate in young males. J Urol. 1993;150:379–385
  15. Schmid C, Rutishauser J, Schlapfer I, et al.  Intact but not truncated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) blocks IGF I-induced stimulation of osteoblasts (Control of IGF signaling to bone cells by IGFBP-3-specific proteolysis?). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991;179:579–585
  16. Doherty A, Smith G, Banks L, et al.  Correlation of the osteoblastic phenotype with prostate-specific antigen expression in metastatic prostate cancer (Implications for paracrine growth). J Pathol. 1999;188:278–281
  17. Morton RA. Racial differences in adenocarcinoma of the prostate in North American men. Urology. 1994;44:637–645
  18. Partin AW, Yoo J, Carter B, et al.  The use of prostate specific antigen, clinical stage and Gleason score to predict pathological stage in men with localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 1993;150:110–114
  19. Kattan MW, Stapleton AM, Wheeler TM, et al.  Evaluation of a nomogram used to predict the pathologic stage of clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 1997;79:528–537
  20. Di Sant’ Agnese PA. Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinoma of the prostate (Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications). Cancer. 1992;70:254–268
  21. Pound CR, Partin AW, Eisenberger MA, et al.  Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 1999;281:1591–1597
  22. Ellerhorst JA, Tu SM, Amato RJ, et al.  Phase II trial of alternating weekly chemohormonal therapy for patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1997;3:2371–2376
  23. Millikan RE, Baez L, Banerjee T, et al.  Randomized phase 2 trial of ketoconazole and ketoconazole/doxorubicin in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2001;6:111–115
  24. Glotzman D. Mechanisms of the development of osteoblastic metastasis. Cancer. 1997;80(suppl):1581–1587
  25. Navone NM, Labate ME, Troncoso P, et al.  p53 mutations in prostate cancer bone metastases suggest that selected p53 mutants in the primary site define foci with metastatic potential. J Urol. 1999;161:304–308
  26. Navone NM, Troncoso P, Pisters LL, et al.  p53 protein accumulation and gene mutation in the progression of human prostate carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:1657–1669
  27. Antwerp DJV, Martin SJ, Kafri T, et al.  Suppression of the TNFα-induced apoptosis by NFκB. Nature. 1996;274:787–789
  28. McDonnell TJ, Troncoso P, Brisbay SM, et al.  Expression of the proto-oncogene bcl-2 in the prostate and its association with the emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1992;52:6940–6944
  29. Macoska JA, Trybus TM, Sakr WA, et al.  Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of pallelic loss and chromosomal instability in human prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1994;54:3824–3830
  30. Tu SM, Millikan RE, Mengistu B, et al.  Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate (A randomized phase II trial). Lancet. 2001;357:336–341

PII: S0093-7754(03)00357-9

doi: 10.1016/S0093-7754(03)00357-9

Seminars in Oncology
Volume 30, Issue 5 , Pages 562-566 , October 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution