Seminars in Oncology
Volume 30, Issue 6 , Pages 789-798 , December 2003

Nutrition-related issues for the breast cancer survivor

  • Wendy Demark-Wahnefried

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, PhD, RD, Box 2949, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    • Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
  • ,
  • Cheryl L Rock

      Affiliations

    • Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

References 

  1. Demark-Wahnefried W, Peterson B, McBride C, et al.  Current health behaviors and readiness to pursue life-style changes among men and women diagnosed with early stage prostate and breast carcinomas. Cancer. 2000;88:674–684
  2. Lee MM, Lin SS, Wrensch MR, et al.  Alternative therapies used by women with breast cancer in four ethnic populations. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;9:42–47
  3. Monnin S, Schiller MR, Sachs L, et al.  Nutritional concerns of women with breast cancer. J Cancer Educ. 1992;8:63–69
  4. Thomson CA, Flatt SW, Rock CL, et al.  Increased fruit, vegetable and fiber intake and lower fat intake reported among women previously treated for invasive breast cancer. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:801–808
  5. Maunsell E, Drolet M, Brisson J, et al.  Dietary change after breast cancer (extent, predictors, and relation with psychological distress). J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1017–1025
  6. Bines J, Gradishar WJ. Primary care issues for the breast cancer survivor. Comp Ther. 1997;23:605–611
  7. Brown BW, Brauner C, Minnotte MC. Noncancer deaths in white adult cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:979–997
  8. Kreuter MW, Chheda SG, Bull FC. How does physician advice influence patient behavior? Evidence for a priming effect. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:426–433
  9. Wilcox S, Parra-Medina D, Thompson-Robinson M, et al.  Nutrition and physical activity interventions to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in health care settings (A quantitative review with a focus on women). Nutr Rev. 2001;59:197–214
  10. Goodwin PJ, Boyd NF. Body size and breast cancer prognosis (A critical review of the evidence). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1990;16:205–214
  11. Rock CL, Demark-Wahnefried W. Nutrition and survival after the diagnosis of breast cancer (A review of the evidence). J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:3302–3316
  12. Chlebowski RT, Aiello E, McTiernan A. Weight loss in breast cancer patient management. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1128–1143
  13. Goodwin PJ, Esplen MJ, Winocur J, et al.  Development of a weight management program in women with newly diagnosed locoregional breast cancer. In:  Bitzer J,  Stauber M editor. Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. Bologna, Italy: Monduzzi Editore International Proceedings Division; 1995;p. 491–496
  14. Tretli S, Haldorsen T, Ottestad L. The effect of pre-morbid height and weight on the survival of breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 1990;62:299–303
  15. Senie RT, Rosen PP, Rhodes P, et al.  Obesity at diagnosis of breast carcinoma influences duration of disease-free survival. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:26–32
  16. Mæjhle BO, Tretli S. Pre-morbid body-mass-index in breast cancer (Reversed effect on survival in hormone receptor negative patients). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1996;41:123–130
  17. Bray GA. Complications of obesity. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:1052–1062
  18. Schapira DV, Kumar NB, Lyman GH, et al.  Abdominal obesity and breast cancer risk. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:182–186
  19. Zimmet PZ. Hyperinsulinemia—How innocent a bystander?. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:56–70
  20. Sjostrom CD, Hakangard AC, Lissner L, et al.  Body compartment and subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution—Risk factor patterns in obese subjects. Obesity Res. 1995;3:9–22
  21. Sellers TA, Drinkard C, Rich SS, et al.  Familial aggregation and heritability of waist-to-hip ratio in adult women (The Iowa Women’s Health Study). Int J Obesity Metab Dis. 1994;18:607–613
  22. Kumar NB, Cantor A, Allen K, et al.  Android obesity at diagnosis and breast carcinoma survival (Evaluation of the effects of anthropometric variables at diagnosis, including body composition and body fat distribution and weight gain during life span, and survival from breast carcinoma). Cancer. 2000;88:2751–2757
  23. Zhang S, Folsom AR, Sellers TA, et al.  Better breast cancer survival for postmenopausal women who are less overweight and eat less fat. The Iowa Women’s Health Study. Cancer. 1995;76:275–283
  24. Demark-Wahnefried W, Rimer BK, Winer EP. Weight gain in women diagnosed with breast cancer. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97:519–529
  25. Rock CL, Flatt SW, Newman V, et al.  Factors associated with weight gain in women after diagnosis of breast cancer. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:1212–1221
  26. Lankester KJ, Phillips JE, Lawton PA. Weight gain during adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer (An audit of 100 women receiving FEC or CMF chemotherapy). Clin Oncol. 2002;14:64–67
  27. Shepard L, Parulekar W, Day A, et al.  Weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy in high risk pre/perimenopausal breast cancer patients (Analysis of a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) phase III study). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2001;20:36a; (abstr 140)
  28. Camoriano JK, Loprinzi CL, Ingle JN, et al.  Weight change in women treated with adjuvant therapy or observed following mastectomy for node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1990;8:1327–1334
  29. Chlebowski RT, Weiner JM, Reynolds R, et al.  Long-term survival following relapse after 5-FU but not CMF adjuvant breast cancer therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1986;7:23–30
  30. Bonomi P, Bunting N, Fishman D, et al.  Weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy of hormono-chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer evaluated in relation to disease free survival (DFS). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1984;4:339; (abstr)
  31. Goodwin PJ, Panzarella T, Boyd NF. Weight gain in women with localized breast cancer—A descriptive study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1988;11:59–66
  32. Heasman KZ, Sutherland HJ, Campbell JA, et al.  Weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1985;5:195–200
  33. Levine EG, Raczynski JM, Carpenter JT. Weight gain with breast cancer adjuvant treatment. Cancer. 1991;67:1954–1959
  34. DeGeorge D, Gray JJ, Fetting JH, et al.  Weight gain in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant treatment as a function of restraint, disinhibition, and hunger. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1990;17(suppl):23–30
  35. Knobf MK, Mullen JC, Xistris D, et al.  Weight gain in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1983;10:28–34
  36. Kornblith AB, Hollis DR, Zuckerman E, et al.  Effect of megestrol acetate on quality of life in a dose-response trial in women with advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:2081–2089
  37. Ganz PA, Schag CC, Polinsky ML. Rehabilitation needs and breast cancer (The first month after primary therapy). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1987;10:243–253
  38. McInnes JA, Knobf MT. Weight gain and quality of life in women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001;28:675–684
  39. Rock CL, McEligot AJ, Flatt SW, et al.  Eating pathology and obesity in women at risk for breast cancer recurrence. Intl J Eat Disord. 2000;27:172–179
  40. Demark-Wahnefreid W, Hars V, Conaway M, et al.  Reduced rates of metabolism and decreased activity in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:1495–1501
  41. Cheney CL, Mahloch J, Freeny P. Computerized tomography assessment of women with weight changes associated with adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:141–146
  42. Aslani A, Smith RC, Allen BJ, et al.  Changes in body composition during breast cancer chemotherapy with the CMF-regimen. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1999;57:285–290
  43. Demark-Wahnefried W, Peterson BL, Winer EP, et al.  Changes in weight, body composition, and factors influencing energy balance among premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:2381–2389
  44. Heber D, Ingles S, Ashley JM, et al.  Clinical detection of sarcopenic obesity by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64(suppl3):472S–477S
  45. Loprinzi CL, Athmann LM, Kardinal CG, et al.  Randomized tial of dietician counseling to try to prevent weight gain associated with breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncology. 1996;53:228–232
  46. Winningham ML, MacVicar MG, Bondoc M, et al.  The effect of aerobic exercise on body weight and composition in patients with breast cancer on adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1989;16:683–689
  47. Goodwin P, Esplen MJ, Butler K, et al.  Multidisciplinary weight management in locoregional breast cancer (Results of a phase II study). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998;48:53–64
  48. McTiernan A, Ulrich C, Kumai C, et al.  Anthropometric and hormone effects of an eight-week exercise-diet intervention in breast cancer patients (Results of a pilot study). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998;7:477–481
  49. Demark-Wahnefried W, Kenyon AJ, Eberle P, et al.  Preventing sarcopenic obesity among breast cancer patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy (Results of a feasibility study). Clin Exerc Physiol. 2002;4:44–49
  50. Clemons M, Goss P. Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:276–285
  51. Fisher B, Costantino J, Redmond C, et al.  A randomized trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:479–484
  52. Goss PE, Strasser K. Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:881–894
  53. Verkasalo PK, Thomas HV, Appleby PN, et al.  Circulating levels of sex hormones and their relation to risk factors for breast cancer (A cross-sectional study in 1092 pre- and postmenopausal women). Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12:47–59
  54. Pollak MN. Endocrine effects of IGF-I on normal and transformed breast epithelial cells (Potential relevance to strategies for breast cancer treatment and prevention). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998;47:209–217
  55. Del Giudice ME, Fantus IG, Ezzat S, et al.  Insulin and related factors in premenopausal breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998;47:111–120
  56. Kaaks R, Lukanova A. Energy balance and cancer (The role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I). Proc Nutr Soc. 2001;60:91–106
  57. Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, et al.  Fasting insulin and outcome in early-stage breast cancer (Results of a prospective cohort study). J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:42–51
  58. Madarnas Y, Sawka CA, Franssen E, et al.  Are medical oncologists biased in their treatment of the large woman with breast cancer?. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2001;66:123–133
  59. Black AE, Cole TJ. Biased over- or under-reporting is characteristic of individuals whether over time or by different assessment methods. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101:70–80
  60. Krebs-Smith SM, Graubard B, Cleveland L, et al.  Lowe energy reporters vs others (A comparison of reported food intakes). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54:281–287
  61. Johansson L, Solvoll K, Bjorneboe GE, et al.  Under- and overreporting of energy intake related to weight status in a national-wide sample. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68:266–274
  62. Caan BJ, Flatt SW, Rock CL, et al.  Low-energy reporting in women at risk for breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;9:1091–1097
  63. Willett W, Stampfer MJ. Total energy intake (Implications for epidemiologic analysis). Am J Epidemiol. 1986;124:17–27
  64. Saxe GA, Rock CL, Wicha MS, et al.  Diet and risk for breast cancer recurrence and survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1999;53:241–253
  65. Gregorio DI, Emrich LJ, Graham S, et al.  Dietary fat consumption and survival among women with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1985;75:37–41
  66. Nomura AM, Marchand LL, Kolonel LN, et al.  The effect of dietary fat on breast cancer survival among Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1991;18(suppl 1):S135–141
  67. Holm LE, Nordevang E, Hjalmar ML, et al.  Treatment failure and dietary habits in women with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:32–36
  68. Rohan TE, Hiller JE, McMichael AJ. Dietary factors and survival from breast cancer. Nutr Cancer. 1993;20:167–177
  69. Hebert JR, Hurley TG, Ma Y. The effect of dietary exposures on recurrence and mortality in early stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998;51:17–28
  70. Jain M, Miller AB, To T. Premorbid diet and the prognosis of women with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86:1390–1397
  71. Holmes MD, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al.  Dietary factors and the survival of women with breast carcinoma. Cancer. 1999;86:826–835
  72. Ewertz M, Gillanders S, Meyer L, et al.  Survival of breast cancer patients in relation to factors which affect the risk of developing breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 1991;49:526–530
  73. Kyogoku S, Hirohata T, Nomura Y, et al.  Diet and prognosis of breast cancer. Nutr Cancer. 1992;17:271–277
  74. Ingram D. Diet and subsequent survival in women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1994;69:592–595
  75. Smith-Warner SA, Spielgelman D, Yaun SS, et al.  Alcohol and breast cancer in women (A pooled analysis of cohort studies). JAMA. 1998;279:535–540
  76. Wynder EL, Cohen LA, Muscat JE, et al.  Breast cancer (Weighing the evidence for a promoting role of dietary fat). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:766–775
  77. Greenwald P. Role of dietary fat in the causation of breast cancer (Point). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999;8:3–7
  78. Rose DP. Dietary fatty acids and cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66(suppl):998S–1003S
  79. Wu AH, Pike MC, Stram DO. Meta-analysis (Dietary fat intake, serum estrogen levels, and the risk of breast cancer). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:529–534
  80. Prakash P, Krinsky NI, Russell RM. Retinoids, carotenoids, and human breast cancer cell cultures (A review of differential effects). Nutr Rev. 2000;58:170–176
  81. Dawson MI, Chao WR, Pine P, et al.  Correlation of retinoid binding affinity to retinoic acid receptor alpha with retinoid inhibition of growth of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 1995;55:4446–4451
  82. Prakash P, Russell RM, Krinsky NI. In vitro inhibition of proliferation of estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells treated with carotenoids or retinoids. J Nutr. 2001;131:1574–1580
  83. Sumantran VN, Zhang R, Lee DS, et al.  Differential regulation of apoptosis in normal versus transformed mammary epithelium by lutein and retinoic acid. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:257–263
  84. Fowke JH, Longcope C, Hebert JR. Brassica vegetable consumption shifts estrogen metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:773–779
  85. Adlercreutz H. Western diet and Western diseases (Some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations). Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1990;50(suppl):3–23
  86. Chlebowksi RT, Rose D, Buzzard M, et al.  Adjuvant dietary fat intake reduction in postmenopausal breast cancer patient management. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1991;20:73–84
  87. Boyar AP, Rose DP, Loughridge JR, et al.  Response to a diet low in total fat in women with postmenopausal breast cancer (A pilot study). Nutr Cancer. 1988;11:93–99
  88. Rose DP, Connolly JM, Chlebowski RT, et al.  The effects of a low-fat dietary intervention and tamoxifen adjuvant therapy on the serum estrogen and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations of postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1993;27:253–262
  89. Chlebowski RT, Blackburn GL, Buzzard M, et al.  Adherence to a dietary fat intake reduction program in postmenopausal women receiving therapy for early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:2072–2080
  90. Pierce JP, Faerber S, Wright F, et al.  A randomized trial of the effect of a plant based dietary pattern on breast cancer recurrence (The Women’s Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) study). Contr Clin Trials. 2002;23:728–756
  91. Pierce JP, Faerber S, Wright FA, et al.  Feasibility of a randomized trial of a high-vegetable diet to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Nutr Cancer. 1997;28:282–288
  92. Rock CL, Flatt SW, Wright FA, et al.  Responsiveness of carotenoids to a high vegetable diet intervention designed to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997;6:617–623
  93. McEligot AJ, Rock CL, Flatt SW, et al.  Plasma carotenoids are biomarkers of long-term high vegetable intake in women with breast cancer. J Nutr. 1999;129:2258–2263
  94. Byers T, Nestle M, McTiernan A, et al.  American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention (Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity). CA Cancer J Clin. 2002;52:92–119
  95. Brown J, Byers T, Thompson K, et al.  Nutrition during and after cancer treatment (A guide for informed choices by cancer survivors). CA Cancer J Clin. 2001;51:153–187
  96. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, NIH Publication No. 98–4083. Bethesda, MD: USPHS, National Institutes of Health; 1998;
  97. Kraus RM, Eckel RH, Howard B, et al.  AHA dietary guidelines: revision 2000: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2000;102:2284–2299
  98. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2000, to the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Agriculture). Beltsville, MD: Agricultural Research Service; 2000;
  99. Kant AK, Schatzkin A, Graubard BI, et al.  A prospective study of diet quality and mortality in women. JAMA. 2000;283:2109–2115
  100. Shapiro CL, Manola J, Leboff M. Ovarian failure after adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with rapid bone loss in women with early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3306–3311

 Supported by Grants No. CA92468, CA81191, CA90413, and CA69375 from the National Cancer Institute and by the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation.

PII: S0093-7754(03)00473-1

doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.023

Seminars in Oncology
Volume 30, Issue 6 , Pages 789-798 , December 2003