Seminars in Oncology
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 94-103 , February 2003

Lung cancer: The oncologist's role in smoking cessation

References 

  1. Smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost—United States, 1984. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46:444–451
  2. US Department of Health and Human Services . The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 90-8416 Atlanta, GA: DHHS, CDC; 1990;
  3. Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;43:925–930
  4. Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:993–996
  5. Incidence of initiation of cigarette smoking—United States, 1965-1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998;47:837–840
  6. Gilpin EA, Choi WS, Berry C, et al.  How many adolescents start smoking each day in the United States?. J Adolesc Health. 1999;25:248–255
  7. Miller LS, Zhang X, Rice DP, et al.  State estimates of total medical expenditures attributable to cigarette smoking, 1993. Public Health Rep. 1998;113:447–458
  8. Medical-care expenditures attributable to cigarette smoking—United States, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;43:469–472
  9. Howe HL, Wingo PA, Thun MJ, et al.  Re: Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer (1973 through 1998), featuring cancer with recent increasing trends [comment]. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:1656
  10. Pisani P, Parkin DM, Bray F, et al.  Erratum: Estimates of the worldwide mortality from 25 cancers in 1990. Int J Cancer 83:18-29 (1999). Int J Cancer. 1999;83:870–873
  11. Shopland DR. Tobacco use and its contribution to early cancer mortality with a special emphasis on cigarette smoking. Environ Health Perspect. 1995;103(suppl 8):131–142
  12. Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T, et al.  Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002;52:23–47
  13. Doll R. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung: Preliminary report. Br Med J. 1950;2:739–748
  14. United Health Public Health Service . Smoking and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1964;
  15. Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, et al.  Cancer statistics, 2001. CA Cancer J Clin. 2001;51:15–36
  16. Wingo PA, Ries LA, Giovino GA, et al.  Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:675–690
  17. American Cancer Society . Cancer Facts and Figures. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 1995;
  18. World Health Organization . World Health Report: 1997: Executive Summary. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002;
  19. CDC . A Surgeon General's Report: Reducing Health Consequences of Smoking: Twenty-five years' progress report. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 89-8411 Rockville, MD: DHHS; 1989;
  20. Loeb LA, Ernster VL, Warner KE, et al.  Smoking and lung cancer: An overview. Cancer Res. 1984;44:5940–5958
  21. United Health Public Health Services . Smoking and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1964;
  22. Hirao T, Nelson HH, Ashok TD, et al.  Tobacco smoke-induced DNA damage and an early age of smoking initiation induce chromosome loss at 3p21 in lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2001;61:612–615
  23. Wiencke JK, Thurston SW, Kelsey KT, et al.  Early age at smoking initiation and tobacco carcinogen DNA damage in the lung. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:614–619
  24. Incidence of initiation of cigarette smoking—United States, 1965-1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998;47:837–840
  25. Hecht SS. Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:1194–1210
  26. Law MR. Genetic predisposition to lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 1990;61:195–206
  27. Perera FP, Blaner W, Mooney LV. Molecular epidemiologic methods in cancer chemoprevention. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1996;5(suppl 2):19–25 7
  28. Capewell S, Sankaran R, Lamb D, et al.  Lung cancer in lifelong non-smokers. Edinburgh Lung Cancer Group. Thorax. 1991;46:565–568
  29. Stellman SD, Garfinkel L. Lung cancer risk is proportional to cigarette tar yield: Evidence from a prospective study. Prev Med. 1989;18:518–525
  30. Stellman SD, Muscat JE, Thompson S, et al.  Risk of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to lifetime filter cigarette smoking. Cancer. 1997;80:382–388
  31. Thun MJ, Lally CA, Flannery JT, et al.  Cigarette smoking and changes in the histopathology of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:1580–1586
  32. Wingo PA, Ries LA, Giovino GA, et al.  Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:675–690
  33. Halpern MT, Gillespie BW, Warner KE. Patterns of absolute risk of lung cancer mortality in former smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992;85:457–464
  34. Peto R, Darby S, Deo H, et al.  Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: Combination of national statistics with two case-control studies. BMJ. 2000;321:323–329
  35. Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46:1217–1220
  36. Smoking cessation during previous year among adults—United States, 1990 and 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993;42:504–507
  37. Hatziandreu EJ, Pierce JP, Lefkopoulou M, et al.  Quitting smoking in the United States in 1986. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990;82:1402–1406
  38. Thorndike AN, Rigotti NA, Stafford RS, et al.  National patterns in the treatment of smokers by physicians. JAMA. 1998;279:604–608
  39. McBride PE, Plane MB, Underbakke G, et al.  Smoking screening and management in primary care practices. Arch Fam Med. 1997;6:165–172
  40. Cabana MD, Rand CS, Powe NR, et al.  Why don't physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. JAMA. 1999;282:1458–1465
  41. Jaen CR, Crabtree BF, Zyzanski SJ, et al.  Making time for tobacco cessation counseling. J Fam Pract. 1998;46:425–428
  42. Fiore MC, Bailey WC, Cohen SJ, et al.  Treating tobacco use and dependence. Clinical Practice Guideline. Rockville, MD: Public Health Service; 2000;
  43. Goldstein MG, Niaura R, Willey-Lessne C, et al.  Physicians counseling smokers. A population-based survey of patients' perceptions of health care provider-delivered smoking cessation interventions. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1313–1319
  44. Ockene JK. Smoking intervention: The expanding role of the physician. Am J Public Health. 1987;77:782–783
  45. Hughes JR, Gust SW, Pechacek TF. Prevalence of tobacco dependence and withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry. 1987;144:205–208
  46. Kottke TE, Battista RN, DeFriese GH, et al.  Attributes of successful smoking cessation interventions in medical practice. A meta-analysis of 39 controlled trials. JAMA. 1988;259:2883–2889
  47. Westman EC, Behm FM, Simel DL, et al.  Smoking behavior on the first day of a quit attempt predicts long-term abstinence. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:335–340
  48. Zhu SH, Stretch V, Balabanis M, et al.  Telephone counseling for smoking cessation: Effects of single-session and multiple-session interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64:202–211
  49. Brandon TH, Tiffany ST, Obremski KM, et al.  Post cessation cigarette use: The process of relapse. Addict Behav. 1990;15:105–114
  50. Hatziandreu EJ, Pierce JP, Lefkopoulou M, et al.  Quitting smoking in the United States in 1986. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990;82:1402–1406
  51. Fiore MC, Smith SS, Jorenby DE, et al.  The effectiveness of the nicotine patch for smoking cessation. A meta-analysis. JAMA. 1994;271:1940–1947
  52. Tonnesen P, Paoletti P, Gustavsson G, et al.  Higher dosage nicotine patches increase one-year smoking cessation rates: Results from the European CEASE trial. Collaborative European Anti-Smoking Evaluation. European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J. 1999;13:238–246
  53. Dale LC, Hurt RD, Offord KP, et al.  High-dose nicotine patch therapy. Percentage of replacement and smoking cessation. JAMA. 1995;274:1353–1358
  54. Hurt RD, Dale LC, Fredrickson PA, et al.  Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement. JAMA. 1994;271:595–600
  55. Kenford SL, Fiore MC, Jorenby DE, et al.  Predicting smoking cessation. Who will quit with and without the nicotine patch. JAMA. 1994;271:589–594
  56. Joseph AM, Norman SM, Ferry LH, et al.  The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1792–1798
  57. Zevin S, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Dose-related cardiovascular and endocrine effects of transdermal nicotine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998;64:87–95
  58. Lam W, Sze PC, Sacks HS, et al.  Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of nicotine chewing gum. Lancet. 1987;2:27–30
  59. Hurt RD, Offord KP, Croghan IT, et al.  Temporal effects of nicotine nasal spray and gum on nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998;140:98–104
  60. Hurt RD, Sachs DP, Glover ED, et al.  A comparison of sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1195–1202
  61. Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA, et al.  A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:685–691
  62. Hayford KE, Patten CA, Rummans TA, et al.  Efficacy of bupropion for smoking cessation in smokers with a former history of major depression or alcoholism. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;174:173–178
  63. Hays JT, Hurt RD, Rigotti NA, et al.  Sustained-release bupropion for pharmacologic relapse prevention after smoking cessation. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:423–433
  64. Dale LC, Glover ED, Sachs DP, et al.  Bupropion for smoking cessation: Predictors of successful outcome. Chest. 2001;119:1357–1364
  65. Hieda Y, Keyler DE, VanDeVoort JT, et al.  Immunization of rats reduces nicotine distribution to brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999;143:150–157
  66. Pentel PR, Malin DH, Ennifar S, et al.  A nicotine conjugate vaccine reduces nicotine distribution to brain and attenuates its behavioral and cardiovascular effects in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000;65:191–198
  67. Achievements in public health. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:986–993
  68. Cromwell J, Bartosch W, Fiore M, et al.  Cost-effectiveness of the clinical practice recommendations in the AHCPR guideline for smoking cessation. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. JAMA. 1997;278:1759–1766

 Address reprint requests to Rohit Ahuja, MD, Division of Critical Care, Pulmonary, Allergic, and Immunologic Diseases, Jefferson Medical College, 1015 Chestnut St, Mezzanine, Philadelphia, PA 19107.

PII: S0093-7754(03)70047-5

doi: 10.1053/sonc.2003.50000

Seminars in Oncology
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 94-103 , February 2003