Seminars in Oncology
Volume 33, Issue 1 , Pages 50-67 , February 2006

Hepatotoxicity of Chemotherapy

References 

  1. Sznol M , Ohuma T , Holland JF . Hepatic toxicity of drugs used for hematologic neoplasia . Semin Liver Dis . 1997;7:237–256
  2. McDonald GB , Tirumali N . Intestinal and liver toxicity of antineoplastic drugs . West J Med . 1984;140:250–2591
  3. Thaler M , Behram P , Shawker TH , et al.   Hepatic candidiasis in cancer patients (The evolving picture of the syndrome) . Ann Intern Med . 1988;108:88–100
  4. Armitage JO , Burns CP , Kent TH . Liver disease complicating the management of acute leukemia during remission . Cancer . 1978;41:737–742
  5. Harrison H , Middleton H , Crosby J , et al.   Fulminant hepatic failure (An unusual presentation of metastatic liver disease) . Gastroenterology . 1981;80:820–825
  6. Schoedel KE , Dekker A . Hemoperitoneum in the setting of metastatic cancer to the liver. A report of two cases with a review of the literature . Dig Dis Sci . 1992;37:153–154
  7. Procard M , Vincent-Solomon A , Girodet J , et al.   Effects of preoperative chemotherapy on liver function tests after hepatectomy . Hepatogastroenterology . 2001;48:1406–1408
  8. Suzuki A , Takahashi T . Liver damage in patients with colony-stimulating-factor-producing tumors . Am J Med . 1993;94:125–132
  9. Farrell GC . Drug-Induced Liver Disease . New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1994;
  10. Perry MC . Chemotherapeutic agents and hepatotoxicity . Semin Oncol . 1992;19:551–565
  11. King P , Perry MC . Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy . Oncologist . 2001;6:162–176
  12. Wiela-Hojenska A , Gorczynska E , Orzechowska-Juzwenko K , et al.   Metabolic functions of the liver during chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Int J Clin Pharm Ther . 2001;6:246–250
  13. Hoofnagle JH , Dusheiko GM , Schafer DF , et al.   Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection by cancer chemotherapy . Ann Intern Med . 1982;96:447–449
  14. Flowers MA , Heathcote J , Wanless I , et al.   Fulminant hepatitis as a consequence of reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection after discontinuation of low dose methotrexate therapy . Ann Intern Med . 1990;112:381–382
  15. Thung SN , Gerber MA , Klion F , et al.   Massive hepatic necrosis after chemotherapy withdrawal in a hepatitis B virus carrier . Arch Intern Med . 1985;145:1313–1314
  16. Kawatani T , Takeaki S , Tajima F , et al.   Incidence of hepatitis virus infection and severe liver dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies . Br J Haematol . 2001;67:45–50
  17. Stroffolini T , Andriani A , Bibas M , et al.   Successful treatment with lamivudine for reactivated hepatitis B infection following chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . Ann Hematol . 2002;81:48–49
  18. Lim HL , Lau GK , Davis GL , et al.   Cholestatic hepatitis leading to hepatic failure in a patient with organ transmitted hepatitis C virus infection . Gastroenterology . 1994;106:248–251
  19. Perry MC . In: The Chemotherapy Source Book . (ed 3). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;
  20. Aubrey DA . Massive hepatic necrosis after cyclophosphamide . Br Med J . 1970;3:588
  21. Walters D , Robinson RG , Smith D , et al.   Poor response in two cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis to treatment with cyclophosphamide . Med J Aust . 1972;2:1070
  22. Bacon AM , Rosenberg SA . Cyclophosphamide hepatotoxicity in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus . Ann Intern Med . 1982;97:62–63
  23. Goldberg JW , Lidsky MD . Cyclophosphamide associated hepatotoxicity . South Med J . 1985;78:222–223
  24. Snyder LS , Heigh RL , Anderson ML . Cyclophosphamide induced hepatotoxicity in a patient with Wegener’s granulomatosis . Mayo Clin Proc . 1993;68:1203–1204
  25. Amromin GD , Delman RM Shanbran E . Liver damage after chemotherapy for leukemia and lymphoma . Gastroenterology . 1962;42:401–410
  26. Koler RD , Forsgren AL . Hepatotoxicity due to chlorambucil. Report of a case . JAMA . 1958;167:316–317
  27. Lazarus H , Herzig R , Graham-Pole J , et al.   Intensive melphalan chemotherapy and cryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of refractory cancer . J Clin Oncol . 1983;1:359–367
  28. Leff R , Thompson J , Johnson D , et al.   Phase II trial of high dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation for metastatic colon carcinoma . J Clin Oncol . 1986;4:1586–1591
  29. Rothbarth J , Pigil MEJ , Vahrmeijer AL , et al.   Isolated hepatic perfusion with high-dose melphalan for the treatment of colorectal metastasis confined to the liver . Br J Surg . 2003;90:1391–1397
  30. Savier E , Azoulay D , Huguet E , et al.   Percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion for chemotherapy . Arch Surg . 2003;138:325–332
  31. Morris LE , Guthrie TH . Busulfan induced hepatitis . Am J Gastroenterol . 1988;83:682–683
  32. Underwood JCE , Shahani RT , Blackburn EK . Jaundice after treatment of leukemia with busulfan . Br Med J . 1971;1:556–557
  33. Devita VT , Carbone PP , Owens AH , et al.   Clinical trials with 1,3-bis [2-chloroethyl]-nitrosourea, NSC-409962 . Cancer Res . 1965;25:1876–1881
  34. Hoogstraten B , Gottlieb JA , Cadili E , et al.   CCNU [1-[2-chloroethyl]-3-cyclohexyl-1 nitrosourea, NSC-79037] in the treatment of cancer . Cancer . 1973;32:38–43
  35. Broder LE , Carter SK . Pancreatic islet cell carcinoma II (Results of therapy with streptozotocin in 52 patients) . Ann Intern Med . 1973;79:108–118
  36. Schein PS , O’Connell MJ , Blom J , et al.   Clinical antitumor activity and toxicity of streptozotocin [NSC-85998] . Cancer . 1974;34:993–1000
  37. Cavalli F , Tschopp  , Sonntag RW , et al.   A case of liver toxicity following cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) treatment . ?? Cancer Treat Rep . 1978;62:2125–2126
  38. Hill JM , Loeb E , Maclellan A , et al.   Clinical studies of platinum coordination compounds in the treatment of various malignant diseases . Cancer Chemother Rep . 1975;59:647–659
  39. Pollera CF , Ameglio F , Nardi M , et al.   Cisplatin-induced hepatic toxicity . (letter) J Clin Oncol . 1987;5:318–319
  40. Hruban RH , Sternberg SS , Meyers P , et al.   Fatal thrombocytopenia and liver failure associated with carboplatin therapy . Cancer Invest . 1991;9:263–268
  41. Christian MC . Two Toxicities Associated With Carboplatin Use: a. Gross Hematuria b. Hepatic Veno-occlusive Disease . Bethesda, MD: Department of Health & Human Services bulletin, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 1989;
  42. Tisman G , MacDonald D , Shindell N , et al.   Oxaliplatin toxicity masquerading as recurrent colon cancer . J Clin Oncol . 2004;22:3202–3204
  43. Rubbia-Brandt L , Audard V , Sartoretti P , et al.   Severe hepatic sinusoidal obstruction associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metstatic colorectal cancer . Ann Oncol . 2004;15:460–466
  44. Felix FG , Ritter J , Goodwin JW , et al.   Effect of steatohepatitis associated with irinotecan or oxaliplatin pretreatment on respectability of hepatic colorectal metastases . J Am Coll Surg . 2005;200:845–853
  45. Mcmaster K , Hennigar G . Drug-induced granulomatous hepatitis . Lab Invest . 1981;44:61–73
  46. Mcclay E . Allergy-induced hepatic toxicity associated with dacarbazine . Cancer Treat Rep . 1987;71:219–220
  47. Asbury RF , Rosenthal SN , Descalzi ME , et al.   Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to DTIC . Cancer . 1980;47:2670–2674
  48. Erichsen C , Perebbe J . Veno-occlusive liver disease after dacarbazine (DTIC) for melanoma . J Surg Oncol . 1984;27:268–270
  49. Einhorn M , Davidson I . Hepatotoxicity of mercaptopurine . JAMA . 1964;188:802–806
  50. Shorey J , Schenker S , Suki WN , Combes B . Hepatotoxicity of mercaptopurine . Arch Intern Med . 1968;122:54–58
  51. Phillips FS , Sternberg SS , Hamilton L , et al.   The toxic effects of 6 mercaptopurine and related compounds . Ann NY Acad Sci . 1957;60:283–296
  52. Farber S . Summary of experience with 6-mercaptopurine . Ann NY Acad Sci . 1954;60:412–414
  53. Mcilvanie SK , Maccarthy JD . Hepatitis in association with prolonged 6-mercaptopurine therapy . Blood . 1959;14:8090
  54. Clark PA , Hsia YE , Huntsman RG . Toxic complications of treatment with 6-mercaptopurine. Two cases with hepatic necrosis and intestinal ulceration . Br Med J . 1960;1:393–395
  55. Adamson PC , Zimm S , Ragab AH , et al.   A phase II trial of continuous-infusion 6-mercaptopurine for childhood solid tumors . Cancer Chemother Pharmacol . 1990;26:343–344
  56. Present DH , Meltzer SJ , Krumholtz MP , et al.   6-Mercaptopurine in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (short- and long-term toxicity) . Ann Intern Med . 1989;111:641–649
  57. Duvier A , Munro DD , Verboy J . Treatment of psoriasis with azathioprine . Br Med J . 1974;1:49–51
  58. Small P , Lichter M . Probable azathioprine hepatotoxicity (A case report) . Ann Allergy . 1989;62:518–520
  59. Rosman M , Bertino JR . Azathioprine . Ann Intern Med . 1973;79:694–700
  60. Kissel JT , Levy RJ , Mendell JR , et al.   Azathioprine toxicity in neuromuscular disease . Neurology . 1986;36:35–39
  61. Barrowman JA , Kutty PK , Ra MU , et al.   Sclerosing hepatitis and azathioprine . (letter) Dig Dis Sci . 1986;31:221–222
  62. Jeurissen MEC , Boerbooms AMT , Van De Putte LBA , et al.   Azathioprine induced fever, chills, rash, and hepatotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis . Ann Rheum Dis . 1990;49:25–27
  63. Larrey D , Freneaux E , Berson A , et al.   Peliosis hepatis induced by 6-thioguanine adminstration . Gut . 1988;299:1265–1269
  64. Marubbio AT , Danielson B . Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in a renal transplant patient receiving azathioprine . Gastroenterology . 1975;69:739–743
  65. Read AE , Wiesner RH , Labrecque DR , et al.   Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with renal transplantation and azathioprine therapy . Ann Intern Med . 1986;104:651–655
  66. Kremer WB . Cytabarine . Ann Intern Med . 1975;82:684–688
  67. Bloomfield CD , Lawrence D , Arthur DC . Curative impact of intensification with high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) varies by cytogenetic group . Blood . 1994;84:111a; (abstr 431)
  68. Ellison RR , Holland JF , Marise W , et al.   Arabinosyl cytosine (A useful agent in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults) . Blood . 1968;32:507–523
  69. Donehower RC , Karp JE , Burke PJ . Pharmacology and toxicity of high dose cytarabine by 72-hour continuous infusion . Cancer Treat Rep . 1986;70:1059–1065
  70. Kantarjian H , Estey E , Plunkett W , et al.   Clinical studies (Phase I II clinical and pharmacologic studies of high-dose cytosine arabinoside in refractory leukemia) . Am J Med . 1986;81:387–394
  71. Bahng H , Lee J , Ahn J , et al.   Combination chemotherapy utilizing continuous infusion of intermediate-dose cytarabine for refractory or recurrent acute myeloid leukemia . Leuk Res . 2001;25:213–216
  72. Plunkett W , Liliemark JO , Estery E . Saturation of ara-CTP accumulation during high-dose ara-C therapy (Pharmacologic rationale for intermediate-dose ara-C) . Semin Oncol . 1987;14:159–166
  73. Pizzuto J , Aviles A , Ramos E , et al.   Cytosine arabinoside induced liver damage (Histopathologic demonstration) . Med Pediatr Oncol . 1983;11:287–290
  74. George CB , Mansour RP , Redmond J , et al.   Hepatic dysfunction and jaundice following high-dose cytosine arabinoside . Cancer . 1984;54:2360–2362
  75. Menard DB , Gisselbrecht C , Martym  , et al.   Antineoplastic agents and the liver . ?? Gastroenterology . 1980;78:142–164
  76. Bateman JR , Pugh RP , Cassidy FR , et al.   5-Fluorouracil given once weekly (Comparison of intravenous and oral administration) . Cancer . 1971;28:907–913
  77. Niederhuber JE , Grochow LB . Status of infusion chemotherapy for the treatment of liver metastases . Princ Pract Oncol Updates . 1989;3:19
  78. Hohn DC , Stagg R , Friedman MA , et al.   A randomized trial of continuous intravenous versus hepatic intraarterial floxuridine in patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver (The Northern California Oncology Group trial) . J Clin Oncol . 1989;7:1646–1654
  79. Martin JK , O’Connell MJ , Wieand HS , et al.   Intra arterial floxuridine vs systemic fluorouracil for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer (A randomized trial) . Arch Surg . 1990;125:1022–1027
  80. Doria MI , Shepard KV , Levin B , et al.   Liver pathology following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (Hepatic toxicity with FUDR) . Cancer . 1986;58:855–861
  81. Kemeny N , Daly J , Reichman B , et al.   Intrahepatic or systemic infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma . Ann Intern Med . 1987;107:459–465
  82. Chang AE , Schneider PD , Sugarbaker PH , et al.   A prospective randomized trial of regional versus systemic continuous 5-fluorodeoxyuridine chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases . Ann Surg . 1987;206:685–693
  83. Shepard KV , Levin B , Karl RC , et al.   Therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy using a subcutaneous implanted pump . J Clin Oncol . 1985;32:161–169
  84. Hohn D , Melnick J , Stagg R , et al.   Biliary sclerosis in patients receiving hepatic arterial infusions of floxuridine . J Clin Oncol . 1985;3:98–102
  85. Aldrighetti L , Marcella A , Ronzoni M , et al.   Extrahepatic biliary stenoses after hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of fluoxuridine (FudR) for liver metastases from colorectal cancer . Hepatogastroenterology . 2001;48:1302–1307
  86. Pattavel J , Gardiol D , Bergier N , et al.   Fatal liver cirrhosis associated with long term arterial infusion of floxuridine . Lancet . 1986;8516:1162–1163
  87. Council on Drugs . Evaluation of two antineoplastic agents (Pipobroman (Vercyte) and thioguanine) . JAMA . 1967;200:139–140
  88. Larrey D , Freneaux E , Berson A , et al.   Case report (peliosis hepatis induced by 6-thioguanine administration) . Gut . 1988;29:1265–1269
  89. Leme PR , Creaven PJ , Allen LM , et al.   Kinetic model for the disposition and metabolism of moderate and high-dose methotrexate [NSC 740] in man . Cancer Chemother Rep . 1975;59:811–817
  90. Colsky J , Greenspan EM , Warren TN . Hepatic fibrosis in children with acute leukemia after therapy with folic acid antagonists . Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1955;59:198–206
  91. Mcintosh S , Davidson DL , O’Brien RT , et al.   Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in children with leukemia . J Pediatr . 1977;90:1019–1021
  92. Hutter RVP , Shipkey FH , Tan CTC , et al.   Hepatic fibrosis in children with acute leukemia (A complication of therapy) . Cancer . 1960;13:288–307
  93. Podurgiel BJ , Mcgill DB , Ludwig J , et al.   Liver injury associated with methotrexate therapy for psoriasis . Mayo Clin Proc . 1973;48:787–792
  94. Weinstein GD . Methotrexate . Ann Intern Med . 1977;86:199–204
  95. Weber BL , Tanyer G , Poplack DG , et al.   Transient acute hepatotoxicity of high-dose methotrexate therapy during childhood . NCI Monogr . 1987;5:207–212
  96. Gilbert SC , Klintmalm G , Menter A , et al.   Methotrexate-induced cirrhosis requiring liver transplantation in three patients with psoriasis. A word of caution in light of the expanding use of this ‘steroid sparing’ agent . Arch Intern Med . 1990;150:889–891
  97. Zachariae H , Kragballe K , Stogaard H . Methotrexate induced liver cirrhosis. Studies including serial liver biopsies during continued treatment . Br J Dermatol . 1980;102:407–412
  98. Ruyman FB , Mosijczuk A , Sayers RJ . Hepatoma in a child with methotrexate induced hepatic fibrosis . JAMA . 1977;238:2631–2633
  99. Fried M , Kalra J , Ilardi C , et al.   Hepatocellular carcinoma in a long term survivor of acute lymphocytic leukemia . Cancer . 1987;60:2548–2552
  100. Bridges SL , Alarcon GS , Koopman WJ . Methotrexate-induced liver abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis . J Rheumatol . 1989;16:1180–1183
  101. Rau R , Karger T , Herborn G , et al.   Methotrexate hepatotoxicity and the premature reporting of Mark Twain’s death (Both greatly exaggerated) . Hepatology . 1990;12:784–786
  102. Warin AP , Landells JW , Leveae GM , et al.   A prospective study of the effects of weekly oral methotrexate on liver biopsy . Br J Dermatol . 1975;93:321–322
  103. Kremer JM , Lee RG , Tolman KG . Liver histology in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy (A prospective study with baseline and sequential biopsy samples) . Arthritis Rheum . 1989;32:121–127
  104. Weinblatt ME , Trentham DE , Fraser PA , et al.   Long term prospective trial of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Rheum . 1988;31:167–175
  105. Mackenzie AH . Hepatotoxicity of prolonged methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis . Cleve Clin Q . 1985;52:129–135
  106. Roenigk HH , Auerbach R , Maibach HI , et al.   Methotrexate in psoriasis (revised guidelines) . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1988;19:145–156
  107. Fries JF , Singh G , Lenert L , et al.   Aspirin, hydroxychloroquine, and hepatic enzyme abnormalities with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Rheum . 1990;33:1611–1619
  108. Tolman KG , Clegg DO , Lee RG , et al.   Methotrexate and the liver . J Rheumatol . 1985;12:29–34
  109. Lanse SB , Arnold GL , Gowans JDC , et al.   Low incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with long-term, low-dose oral methotrexate in treatment of refractory psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis (An acceptable risk/benefit ratio) . Dig Dis Sci . 1985;30:104–109
  110. Lewis JH , Schiff E . Methotrexate-induced chronic liver injury (Guidelines for detection and prevention) . Am J Gastroenterol . 1988;83:1337–1345
  111. Kremer JM , Alarcon GS , Lightfoot RW , et al.   Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Suggested guidelines for monitoring liver toxicity . Arthritis Rheum . 1994;7:316–328
  112. Weinblatt ME , Trentham DE , Fraser PA , et al.   Long-term prospective trial of low dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Rheum . 1988;31:167–175
  113. Rau R , Krager T , Herborn G , et al.   Liver biopsy findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing long term treatment with methotrexate . J Rheumatol . 1989;16:489–493
  114. Kremer JM , Kaye GL . Electron microscopic analysis of sequential liver biopsy samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Rheum . 1989;32:1202–1213
  115. Robinson K , Lambiase L , Jianjun L , et al.   Fatal cholestatic liver failure associated with gemcitabine therapy . Dig Dis Sci . 2003;48:1804–1808
  116. Venook AP , Egorin MJ , Rosner GL , et al.   Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of gemcitabine in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction (CALGB 9565) . J Clin Oncol . 2000;18:2780–2787
  117. Spriggs DR , Stopa E , Mayer RJ , et al.   Fludarabine phosphate (NSC 312878) infusions for the treatment of acute leukemia (Phase I and neuropathological study) . Cancer Research . 1986;46:5953–5958
  118. KavanaGH JJ , Krakoff IH , Bodey G , et al.   Phase I study of fludarabine . Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol . 1985;21:1009–1011
  119. Weiss GR , Kuhn JG , Rizzo J , et al.   A Phase I and pharmacokinetics study of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in patients with solid tumors . Cancer Chemother Pharmacol . 1995;35:397–402
  120. Dohner H, Ho AD, Thaler J, et al: Pentostatin in prolymphocytic leukemia: Phase II trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Leukemia Cooperative Study Group. JNCI 85:658-662
  121. Brogden RN , Sorkin EM . Pentostatin (A review of its pharmacology and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in lymphoproliferative disorders) . Drugs . 1993;46:652–677
  122. Poplack DG , Sallan SE , Rivera G , et al.   Phase I study of 2′-deoxycoformycin in acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Cancer Res . 1981;41:3343–3346
  123. Robert J , Gianni L . Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of anthracyclines . Cancer Surv . 1993;17:219–252
  124. Aracamone F , Cassinelli G , Fantini G , et al.   Adriamycin, 14-hydroxy-daunomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic from S. peucetius var. caesius . Biotechnol Bioeng . 1969;11:1101–1110
  125. Zunino F , Gambetta R , Dimarco A , et al.   Effects of the stereochemical configuration on the interaction of some daunomycin derivatives with DNA . Biochem Biophys . 1976;69:744–750
  126. Greene R , Collins J , Jenkins J , et al.   Plasma pharmacokinetics of Adriamycin and Adriamycinol (Implications for the design of in vitro experiments and treatment protocols) . Cancer Res . 1983;43:3417–3421
  127. Meredith MJ , Reed DJ . Depletion in vitro of mitochondrial glutathione in rat hepatocytes and enhancement of lipid peroxidation by Adriamycin and 1,3-chloroethyl) nitrosurea (BCNU) . Biochem Pharmacol . 1983;32:1383–1388
  128. Reed DJ , Frariss MW . Glutathione depletion and susceptibility . Pharmacol Rev . 1984;36:25–33
  129. Ito K , Ozasa H , Nagashima Y , et al.   Pharmacological preconditioning with doxorubicin. Implications of heme oxygenase-1 induction in doxorubicin-induced hepatic injury in rats . Biochem Pharmacol . 2001;62:1249–1255
  130. Aviles A , Herrera J , Ramos E , et al.   Hepatic injury during doxorubicin therapy . Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1984;108:912–913
  131. Koren G , Beatty K , Seto A , et al.   The effects of impaired liver function on the elimination of antineoplastic agents . Ann Pharmacother . 1992;26:363–371
  132. Brenner DE , Wiernik PH , Wesley M , et al.   Acute doxorubicin toxicity. Relationship to pretreatment liver function, response, and pharmacokinetics in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia . Cancer . 1984;53:1042–1048
  133. Ma B , Yeo W , Hui P , et al.   Acute toxicity of adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophoshamide for early breast cancer—A retrospective review of Chinese patients and comparison with an historic Western series . Radiother Oncol . 2002;62:185–189
  134. Shenkenberg TD , Von Hoff DD . Mitoxantrone (A new anticancer drug with significant clinical activity) . Ann Intern Med . 1986;105:67–81
  135. Paciucci PA , Sklarin NT . Mitoxantrone and hepatic toxicity . Ann Intern Med . 1986;105:805–806
  136. Povirk LF . DNA damage and mutagenesis by radiomimetic DNA-cleaving agents (Bleomycin, neocarzinostatin and other enediynes) . Mutat Res . 1996;355:71–89
  137. Lazo JS . Bleomycin . Cancer Chemother Bio Resp Mod . 1999;18:39–45
  138. Faggioli P , De Paschale M , Tocci A , et al.   Acute hepatic toxicity during cyclic chemotherapy in non Hodgkin’s lymphoma . Haematologica . 1997;82:38–42
  139. Blum RH , Carter SK , Agre K . A clinical review of bleomycin. A new antineoplastic agent . Cancer . 1973;31:903–914
  140. Dorr RT , Bowden GT , Alberts DS , et al.   Interaction of mitomycin C with mammalian DNA detected by alkaline elution . Cancer Res . 1985;45:3510–3516
  141. Crooke ST , Bradner WT . Mitomycin C (A review) . Cancer Treat Rev . 1976;3:121–139
  142. Cummings BJ , Keane TJ , O’Sullivan B , et al.   Epidermoid anal cancer (treatment by radiation alone or by radiation and 5-fluorouracil with and without mitomycin C) . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 1991;21:1115–1125
  143. Macdonald AG , Nicolson MC , Samuel LM , et al.   ; A phase II study of mitomycin C, cisplatin and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (MCF) in the treatment of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site . Br J Cancer . 2002;86: 1238–1142
  144. Huncharek M , Kupelnick  . Chemotherapeutic prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors . Oncology . 2001;159:1106; (letter)
  145. Sculier JP , Ghisdal L , Berghmans T , et al.   European Lung Cancer Working Party. The role of mitomycin in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (a systematic review with meta-analysis of the literature) . Br J Cancer . 2001;84:1150–1155
  146. Bradner WT . Mitomycin C (A clinical update) . Cancer Treat Rev . 2001;27:35–50
  147. Robert J , Barbier P , Manaster JET , et al.   Hepatotoxicity of cytostatic drugs evaluated by liver function tests and appearance of jaundice . Digestion . 1968;1:229–232
  148. Green DM , Norkool P , Breslow NE , et al.   Severe hepatic toxicity after treatment with vincristine and dactinomycin using single dose or divided dose schedules (A report of National Wilm’s Tumor Study) . J Clin Oncol . 1990;8:1525–1530
  149. Tefft M , Traggis D , Filler RM . Liver irradiation in children (Acute changes with transient leukopenia and thrombocytopenia) . Am J Roentgenol Radiat Ther Nucl Med . 1969;106:750–765
  150. El Saghir NS , Hawkins KA . Hepatotoxicity following vincristine therapy . Cancer . 1984;54:2006–2008
  151. Lokich JJ , Zipoli TE , Perri J , et al.   Protracted vinblastine infusion. Phase I-II study in malignant melanoma . Am J Clin Oncol . 1984;7:551
  152. Huizing MT , Sewberath Misser VH , Pieters RC , et al.   Taxanes (A new class of antitumor agents) . Cancer Invest . 1995;13:381–404
  153. Venook AP , Egorin MJ , Rosner GL , et al.   Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of paclitaxel in patients with hepatic dysfunction (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9264) . J Clin Oncol . 1998;16:1811–1819
  154. Trudeau ME , Eisenhauer ES , Higgins BP , et al.   Docetaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer (A phase II study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada–Clinical Trials Group) . J Clin Oncol . 1996;14:422–428
  155. Alexandre J , Bleuzen P , Bonneterre J , et al.   Factors predicting for efficacy and safety of docetaxel in a compassionate-use cohort of 825 heavily pre-treated advanced breast cancer patients . J Clin Oncol . 2000;18:562–573
  156. Hanjani P , Nolte S , Shahin MS . Phase II evaluation of 3-day topotecan with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer . Gynecol Oncol . 2002;85:278–284
  157. Brahmer JR , Ettinger DS . The role of topotecan in the treatment of small cell lung cancer . Oncologist . 1998;3:11–14
  158. Ormod D , Spencer CM . Topotecan (A review of its efficacy in small cell lung cancer) . Drugs . 1999;58:531–533
  159. Beran M , Estey E , O’brien SM , et al.   Results of topotecan single agent therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia . Semin Hematol . 1999;368:3–10
  160. Beran M , Estey E , O’Brien SM , et al.   Topotecan and cytarabine is an active combination regimen in myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia . J Clin Oncol . 1999;17:2810–2830
  161. Slichenmyer WJ , Rowinsky EK , Grochow LB . Camptothecin analogues (Studies from the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center) . Cancer Chemother Pharmacol . 1994;34(suppl):S53–S57
  162. Rowinsky EK , Kaufmann SH , Baker SD , et al.   A phase I and pharmacological study of Topotecan infused over 30 minutes for five days in patients with refractory acute leukemia . Clin Cancer Res . 1996;2:1921–1930
  163. Saltz LB , Douillard JY , Pirotta N , et al.   Irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer (A new survival standard) . Oncologist . 2001;6:81–91
  164. Ando Y , Figg WD . Irinotecan in small-cell lung cancer . N Engl J Med . 2002;346:1414–1415
  165. Sugiyama T , Yakushiji M , Noda K , et al.   Phase II study of irinotecan and cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent cervical cancer . Oncology . 2000;58:31–37
  166. Turner CD , Gururangan S , Eastwood J , et al.   Phase II study of irinotecan (CPT-11) in children with high-risk malignant brain tumors. The Duke experience . Neurooncol . 2002;4:102–108
  167. Siu LL , Rowinsky EK . A risk benefit assessment of irinotecan in solid tumors . Drug Saf . 1998;4:783–789
  168. Issell BF , Crooke ST . Etoposide (VP-213) . Cancer Treat Rev . 1979;6:107–124
  169. Tran A , Housset C , Boboc B , et al.   Etoposide (VP-213) induced hepatitis. Report of three cases following standard-dose treatments . J Hepatol . 1991;12:36–39
  170. Wolff SN , Johnson DH , Greco FA , et al.   Etoposide induced hepatic injury (A potential complication of high-dose therapy) . Cancer Treat Rep . 1983;67:1023–1024
  171. Chan HY , Meyers FJ , Lewis JP . High dose VP-16 with intermediate dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of relapsed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia . Cancer Chemother Pharmacol . 1987;20:265–266
  172. Perry MC , Moertel CG , Schutt AJ , et al.   Phase II studies of dianhydrogalactitol and VP-213 . Cancer Treat Rep . 1976;60:1247–1250
  173. Bross PF , Beitz J , Chen G , et al.   Approval summary (Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia) . Clin Cancer Res . 2001;7:1490–1496
  174. Alvarado Y , Tsimberidou A , Kantarjian H , et al.   Pilot study of mylotarg, idarubicin and cytarabine combination regimen in patients with primary resistant or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia . Cancer Chemother Pharmacol . 2003;51:87–90
  175. Kell W , Burnett A , Chopra R , et al.   A feasibility study of simultaneous administration of gemtuzumab ozogamicin with intensive chemotherapy in induction and consolidation in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia . Blood . 2003;102:4277–4283
  176. Cohen A , Luger S , Sickles C , et al.   Gentuzumaab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) monotherapy for relapsed AML after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (Efficacy and incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease) . Bone Marrow Transplant . 2002;30:23–28
  177. Avastin (bevacizumab) [package insert] . South San Francisco, CA: Genentech; 2004; December
  178. Iressa (gefitinib) [package insert] . Macclesfield, UK: AstraZeneca; 2004; April
  179. Lyseng-Williamson K , Jarvis B . Imatinib . Drugs . 2001;61:1765–1774
  180. Gleevac (imantinib mesylate) [package insert] . East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharma; 2001; May
  181. Talpaz M , Silver RT , Druker B , et al.   A phase II study of STI571 in adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated phase . Blood . 2000;96:469a; (abstr 2021)
  182. Velcade (bortezomib) [package insert] . Cambridge, MA: Millenium Pharmaceuticals; 2003; May
  183. Fowler R , Imrie K . Thalidomide-associated hepatitis (A case report) . Am J Hematol . 2001;66:300–302
  184. Heddle R , Calvert AF . Hydroxyurea induced hepatitis . Med J Aust . 1980;1:121; (abstr)
  185. Thurman WG , Bloedow C , Howe CD , et al.   A phase I study of hydroxyurea . Cancer Chemother Rep . 1963;29:103–107
  186. Haskell CM , Canellos GP , Leventhal BG , et al.   L-asparaginase therapeutic and toxic effects in patients with neoplastic disease . N Engl J Med . 1969;281:1028–1034
  187. Capizzi RL , Bertino JR , Handschumacher RE . L-asparaginase (Clinical, biochemical, pharmacological, and immunological studies) . Ann Intern Med . 1971;74:893–901
  188. Oettgen HF , Stephenson PA , Schwartz MK , et al.   Toxicity of E. coli L-asparaginase in man . Cancer . 1970;25:253–278
  189. Muss HB , Spell N , Scudiery D , et al.   A phase II trial of PEG-L-asparaginase in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas . Invest New Drugs . 1990;8:125–130
  190. Quesada J , Hersh EM , Manning J , et al.   Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with recombinant alpha interferon . Blood . 1985;68:493–497
  191. Kantarjian HM , Deisseroth A , Kurzrock R , et al.   Chronic myelogenous leukemia (A concise update) . Blood . 1993;82:691–703
  192. Talpaz M . Use of interferon in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia . Semin Oncol . 1994;21:3–7
  193. Shepherd FA , Beaulieu R , Gelmon K , et al.   Prospective randomized trial of two dose levels of interferon alfa with zidovudine for the treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection (A Canadian HIV Clinical Trials Network study) . J Clin Oncol . 1998;16:1736–1742
  194. Creagan E , Ahmann DL , Green SJ . Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha-A) in disseminated malignant melanoma . Cancer . 1984;54:2844–2849
  195. Linder D , Borden E , Kalvakolanu  . Increasing effectiveness of interferon alpha for malignancies . Semin Oncol . 1997;24:S9-99–S9-104
  196. Borden EC . Innovative treatment strategies for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and mul-tiple myeloma . Semin Oncol . 1994;21:14–22
  197. Kirkwood JM , Harris JE , Vera R , et al.   A randomized study of low and high doses of leukocyte a-interferon in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (The American Cancer Society collaborative trial) . Cancer Res . 1985;45:863–871
  198. Khan OA , Xia Q , Bever CT , et al.   Interferon beta-1b serum levels in multiple sclerosis patients following subcutaneous administration . Neurology . 1996;46:1639–1643
  199. Small EJ , Weiss GR , Malik UK , et al.   Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with recombinant human gamma interferon . Cancer J Sci Am . 1998;4:162–167
  200. Mani S , Poo WJ . Single institution experience with recombinant gamma-interferon in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma . Am J Clin Oncol . 1996;19:149–153
  201. Kirkwood JM , Ernstoff MS . Interferons in the treatment of human cancer . J Clin Oncol . 1986;4:336–352
  202. Quesada JR , Talpaz M , Rios A , et al.   Clinical toxicity of interferons in cancer patients . J Clin Oncol . 1986;4:234–243
  203. Goldberg RM , Ayoob M , Sigals R , et al.   Phase I-II trial of lymphoblastoid interferon in metastatic malignant melanoma . Cancer Treat Rep . 1985;69:813–816
  204. Perillo R , Tamburro C , Regenstein F , et al.   Low dose, titrable interferon alfa in decompensated liver disease caused by chronic infection with hepatitis B virus . Gastroenterology . 1995;109:908–916
  205. Hoofnagel JH , Di Bisceglie AM , Waggoner JG , et al.   Interferon alfa for patients with clinically apparent cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B . Gastroenterology . 1993;104:1116–1121
  206. Garcia-Buey L , Garcia-Monzon C , Rodriguez S , et al.   Latent autoimmune hepatitis triggered during interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C . Gastroenterology . 1995;108:1770–1777
  207. Todros L , Saracco G , Durazzo M , et al.   Efficacy and safety of interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C with autoantibodies to liver kidney microsomes . Hepatology . 1995;22:1374–1378
  208. Feray C , Samuel D , Gigou M , et al.   An open trial of interferon alfa recombinant for hepatitis C after liver transplantation (Antiviral effects and risk of rejection) . Hepatology . 1995;22:1084–1089
  209. Walther Eu , Hohlfield R . Muliple sclerosis (Side effects of interferon beta therapy and their management) . ?? Neurology . 1999;53:1622–1627
  210. Malaguarnera M , Restuccia S , Di Fazio I , et al.   Rapid evolution of chronic viral hepatitis into hepatocellular carcinoma after beta-interferon treatment . Panminerva Medica . 1999;41:59–61
  211. Rosenberg S , Lotze M , Mule J , et al.   New approaches to immunotherapy of cancer using interleukin-2 . Ann Intern Med . 1988;108:853–864
  212. Rosenberg S , Yang J , Topalian S , et al.   Treatment of 283 consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell cancer using high dose interleukin-2 . JAMA . 1994;271:907–913
  213. Nakagawa K , Miller FN , Simds DE , et al.   Mechanisms of interleukin-2 induced hepatic toxicity . Cancer Res . 1996;56:507–510
  214. Fisher B , Keenan AM , Garra BS , et al.   Interleukin-2 induces profound reversible cholestatsis (A detailed analysis in treated cancer patients) . J Clin Oncol . 1989;7:1852–1862
  215. Huang CM , Elin RJ , Ruddel M , et al.   Changes in laboratory results for cancer patient treated with interleukin-2 . Clin Chem . 1990;36:431–434
  216. Kammula US , White DE , Rosenberg SA . Trends in the safety of high dose bolus interleukin-2 administration in patients with metastatic cancer . Cancer . 1998;83:797–805
  217. Werner SC , Hanger FM , Kritzler R . Jaundice during methyl testosterone therapy . Am J Med . 1950;8:325
  218. Bernstein MS , Hunter RL , Hachnin S . Hepatoma and peliosis hepatitis in Fanconi’s anemia . N Engl J Med . 1971;284:1135–1136
  219. Henderson JT , Richmond J , Sumerling MD . Androgenic-anabolic steroid therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma . Lancet . 1973;1:934
  220. Wysowski DK , Freiman JP , Tourtelot JB , et al.   Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide . Ann Intern Med . 1993;118:860–864
  221. Rosman AS , Frissora-Rodeo C , Marshall AT , et al.   Cholestatic hepatitis following flutamide . Dig Dis Sci . 1993;38:1756–1759
  222. Pinto HC , Bapista A , Camilo ME , et al.   Tamoxifen associated steatohepatitis report of 3 cases . J Hepatol . 1995;23:95–97
  223. Foitl DR , Hyman G , Lefkowitch JH . Jaundice and intrahepatic cholestasis following high dose megestrol acetate for breast cancer . Cancer . 1989;63:438–439
  224. Minow RA , Stern MH , Casey JH , et al.   Clinicopathologic correlation of liver damage in patients treated with 6-mercaptopurine and Adriamycin . Cancer . 1976;38:1524–1528
  225. Key NS , Kelly PMA , Emerson PM . Oesophageal varices associated with busulphan-thioguanine therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia . Lancet . 1987;1050–1052 ??
  226. Wanless IR , Godwin TA , Allen F , et al.   Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in hematological disorders (A possible response to obliterative portal venopathy. A morphometric study of nine cases with a hypothesis on the pathogenesis) . Medicine . 1980;59:367–379
  227. Harb JM , Kamen BA , Werlin SL , et al.   Hepatic ultrastructure in leukemic children treated with methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine . Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol . 1983;5:323–331
  228. Topley JM , Benson J , Squier MV , et al.   Hepatotoxicity in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . Med Pediatr Oncol . 1979;7:393–399
  229. Hetherington ML , Buchanan GR . Elevated serum transaminase values during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia correlate with prior blood transfusion . Cancer . 1988;62:1614–1618
  230. Vaughan WP , Wilcox PM , Alderson PO , et al.   Hepatic toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast . Med Pediatr Oncol . 1979;7:351–359
  231. Larroquette CA , Hortobagyi GN , Buzdar AU , et al.   Subclinical hepatic toxicity during chemotherapy for breast cancer . JAMA . 1986;256:2988–2990
  232. Patakfalvi A , Gelencser E , Sipos J . Drug hepatitis of cholestatic type in association with a fac-regimen for breast cancer . Acta Med Hung . 1987;44:377–385
  233. Qizilbash A , Kontozoglou T , Sianos J , et al.   Hepar lobatum associated with chemotherapy and metastatic breast cancer . Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1987;111:58–61
  234. Remick SC , Benson AB , Weese JL , et al.   Phase I trial of hepatic artery infusion of 5-deoxyuridine and 5 fluorouracil in patients with advanced hepatic malignancy (Biochemically based chemotherapy) . Cancer Res . 1989;49:6437–6442
  235. McCracken JD , Weatherall TJ , Oishi N , et al.   Adjuvant intrahepatic chemotherapy with mitomycin and 5-FU combined with hepatic irradiation in high risk patients with carcinoma of the colon (A Southwest Oncology Group phase II pilot study) . Cancer Treat Rep . 1985;69:129–131
  236. Kemeny N , Seiter K , Martin D , et al.   A new syndrome (Ascites, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypoalbuminemia after biochemical modulation of fluorouracil with N Phosphonacetyl-aspartate (PALA)) . Ann Intern Med . 1991;115:946–951
  237. Moertel CG , Fleming TR , MacDonald JS , et al.   Hepatic toxicity associated with fluorouracil plus levamisole adjuvant therapy . J Clin Oncol . 1993;11:2386–2390
  238. Sorenson P , Edal AL , Madsen EL , et al.   Reversible hepatic steatosis in patients treated with interferon alfa-2a and 5-fluorouracil . Cancer . 1995;75:2592–2596
  239. Glicksman AS , Grunwald HW . Vincristine enhanced hepatic radiation toxicity . Personal communication . 1990;
  240. Hansen MM , Ranek L , Walbom S , et al.   Fatal hepatitis following irradiation and vincristine . Acta Med Scand . 1982;212:171–174
  241. Kun LE , Camitta BM . Hepatopathy following irradiation and Adriamycin . Cancer . 1978;42:81–84
  242. Rollins BJ . Hepatic veno-occlusive disease . Am J Med . 1986;81:297–306
  243. Beschorner WE , Pino J , Boitnott JK , et al.   Pathology of the liver with bone marrow transplantation . Am J Pathol . 1980;99:369–386
  244. Lehrner LM , Enck RE . Hepatic vein thrombosis after chemotherapy for histiocytoma (letter) . Ann Intern Med . 1978;88:575–576
  245. Ayash LJ , Hunt M , Antman KH , et al.   Hepatic venoocclusive disease in autologous bone marrow transplantation of solid tumors and lymphomas . J Clin Oncol . 1990;8:1699–1706
  246. Vassal G , Hartmann O , Benhamou E . Busulfan and veno-occlusive disease of the liver . Ann Intern Med . 1990;112:881
  247. Shulman HM , Mcdonald GB , Matthews D , et al.   An analysis of hepatic venoocclusive disease and centrilobular hepatic degeneration following bone marrow transplantation . Gastroenterology . 1980;79:1178–1191
  248. Gottfried MR , Sudilovsky O . Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after high-dose mitomycin and autologous bone marrow transplantation . Hum Pathol . 1982;13:646–650
  249. Grochow LB , Jones RJ , Brundett RB , et al.   Pharmacokinetics of busulfan (correlation with veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation) . Cancer Chemother Pharmacol . 1989;25:55–61
  250. Vassal G , Gouyette A , Hartmann E , et al.   Pharmacokinetics of high-dose busulfan in children . Cancer Chemother Pharmacol . 1989;24:386–390
  251. Ceci G , Bella M , Melissari M , et al.   Fatal hepatic vascular toxicity of DTIC . Cancer . 1988;61:1988–1991
  252. Mcclay E , Lusch CJ , Mastrangelo MH . Allergy-induced hepatic toxicity associated with dacarbazine . (letter) Cancer Treat Rep . 1987;71:219–220
  253. Erichsen C , Jonsson R . Veno-occlusive liver disease after dacarbazine therapy (DTIC) for melanoma . J Surg Oncol . 1984;27:268–270
  254. Asbury RF , Rosenthal SN , Descalzi ME , et al.   Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to DTIC . Cancer . 1980;45:2670–2674
  255. Sutherland CM , Krementz ET . Hepatic toxicity of DTIC . Cancer Treat Rep . 1981;65:321–322
  256. Lacroix WF , Runne U , Hauk H , et al.   Acute liver dystrophy with thrombosis of hepatic veins (A fatal complication of dacarbazine treatment) . Cancer Treat Rep . 1983;67:779–784
  257. Brodsky I , Johnson H , Killman H , et al.   Fibrosis of central and hepatic vein and perisinusoidal spaces of liver following prolonged administration of urethane . Am J Med . 1961;30:976–980
  258. Lazarus HM , Gottfreid MR , Herzig RH , et al.   Veno-occlusive disease of liver after high dose mitomycin therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation . Cancer . 1982;49:1789–1795
  259. Dobbie M , Hofer S , Oberholzer R , et al.   Veno-occlusive disease of liver induced by gemzar . (letter) Ann Oncol . 1998;9:681
  260. Green DM , Norkool P , Breslow NE , et al.   Severe hepatic toxicity after treatment with vincristine and dactinomycin using sinfle-dose or divided-dose schedules (A report from National Wilm’s Tumor Study) . J Clin Oncol . 1990;8:1525–1530
  261. Raine J , Bowman A , Wallendszus K . Hepatopathy-thrombocytopenia syndrome—A complication of dactinomycin therapy in Wilm’s tumor. A report from United Kingdom Children’s Cancer Study Group . J Clin Oncol . 1991;9:268–273
  262. Ortega JA , Donaldson SA , Ivy SP , et al.   Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide for treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma . Cancer . 1997;79:2435–2439
  263. Gill RA , Onstad GR , Cardamone JM , et al.   Hepatic veno-occlusive disease caused by 6-thioguanine . Ann Intern Med . 1982;96:58–60
  264. Read AE , Wiesner  , LaBrecque  , et al.   Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with renal transplantation and azathioprine therapy . Ann Intern Med . 1986;104:651–655
  265. Joensuu H , Soderstrom K , Nikkanen  . Fatal necrosis of the liver during ABVD chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease . ?? Cancer . 1986;58:1437–1440
  266. Houghton AN , Shafi N , Rickles FR , et al.   Acute hepatic vein thrombosis occurring during therapy for Hodgkin’s disease . Cancer . 1979;44:2324–2329
  267. Krivoy N , Raz R , Carter A , et al.   Reversible hepatic veno-occlusive disease and 6 thioguanine . (letter) Ann Intern Med . 1982;96:788
  268. Wasserheit C , Acaba L , Gulati S . Abnormal liver function in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancies . Cancer Invest . 1995;13:347–354
  269. Woods WG , Dehner LP , Nesbit ME , et al.   Fatal veno-occlusive disease of the liver following high dose chemotherapy, irradiation and bone marrow transplantation . Am J Med . 1980;68:285–290
  270. Mcintyre RE , Magidson JG , Austin GE , et al.   Fatal veno-occlusive disease of the liver following highdose 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-nitrosourea (BCNU) and autologous bone marrow transplantation . Am J Clin Pathol . 1981;75:614–617
  271. Lazarus HM , Gottfried MR , Herzig RH , et al.   Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after high dose mitomycin C therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation . Cancer . 1982;49:1789–1795
  272. Rosen HR , Martin P , Schiller GJ , et al.   Orthotopic liver transplantation for bone-marrow transplant-associated veno-occlusive disease and graft-versus-host disease of the liver . Liver Transplant Surg . 1996;2:225–232
  273. Rio B , Andreu G , Nicod A , et al.   Thrombocytopenia in veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation or chemotherapy . Blood . 1986;67:1773–1776
  274. Zafrani S , Pinaudeau Y , Dhumeax D . Drug induced vascular lesions of liver . Arch Intern Med . 1983;143:495–502
  275. Blostein MD , Paltiel OB , Thibaeelt A , et al.   A comparison of clinical criteria for diagnosis veno-occlusive disease of liver after bone marrow transplantation . Bone Marrow Transplant . 1992;10:439–443
  276. Lassau N , Leclere J , Auperin A , et al.   Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after myeloablative treatment and bone amrrow transplantation (Value of gray-scale and doppler ultrasound in 100 patient) . Radiology . 1997;204:545–552
  277. Attal M , Huguet F , Rubie H , et al.   Prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation by continous infusion of low dose heparin (A prospective randomized trial) . Blood . 1992;79: 3834–2840
  278. Cahn JY , Flesch M , Brion A , et al.   Prevention of veno-occlusive disease of the liver after bone amrrow transplantation. Heparin or no heparin? . Blood . 1992;80:2149–2150
  279. Bianco JA , Appelbaum FR , Nemunaitis J , et al.   Phase I-II trial of pentoxyfylline for the prevention of transplant related toxicities following bone marrow transplatation . Blood . 1991;78:1205–1211
  280. Clift RA , Bianco JA , Apppelbaum FR , et al.   A randomized controlled trial of pentoxyphylline for prevention of regimen-related toxicities in patients undergoing allogeneic marrow transplantation . Blood . 1993;82:2025–2030
  281. Attal M , Huguet F , Rubie H , et al.   Prevention of regimen-related toxicities after bone marrow transplantation by pentoxyfylline (A prospective randomized trial) . Blood . 1993;82:732–736
  282. Czauderna P , Chyczewski L , Lech K , et al.   Experimental model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease caused by dactinomycin (Preliminary report about hepatoprotective effect of amifostine) . Med Sci Mon . 2000;3:446–453
  283. Bearman SI , Shen DD , Hinds MS , et al.   A phase I/II study of prostaglandin E1 for prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation . Br J Haematol . 1993;84:727–730
  284. Gluckman E , Jolivet I , Scrobahaci ML , et al.   Use of prostaglandin E1 for prevention of liver veno-occlusive disease in leukemic patient treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplant . Br J Haematol . 1990;74:277–281
  285. Essell JH , Schroeder MT , Harman GS , et al.   Ursodiol prophylaxis against hepatic complications of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation . Ann Intern Med . 1998;128:975–981
  286. Comcowich SA , Spitzer TR , Tsunoda SM . Ursodiol to prevent hepatic venoocclusive disease . Ann Pharmacother . 1997;31:1249–1252
  287. Ohashi K , Tanabe J , Watanabe R , et al.   The Japanese multicenter open randomized trial of ursodeoxycholic acid prophylaxis for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after stem cell transplantation . Am J Hematol . 2000;64:32–38
  288. Teicher BA , Crawford JM , HoldeN SA , et al.   Glutathione monoethyl ester can selectively protect liver from high dose BCNU or cyclophosphamide . Cancer . 1988;62:1275–1281
  289. Schriber J , Milk B , Shaw D , et al.   Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as therapy for hepatotoxicity following bone marrow transplantation . Bone Marrow Transplant . 1999;24:1311–1314
  290. Terra SG , Spitzer TR , Tsunoda SM . A review of tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of veno-occlusive liver disease after bone marrow transplantation . Pharmacotherapy . 1997;17:929–937
  291. Rosti G , Bandini G , Belardinelli A , et al.   Alteplase for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone-marrow transplantation . Lancet . 1992;8807:1481–1482
  292. Abecasis MM , Conceicao Silva JP , Ferreira I , et al.   Defibrotide as salvage therapy for refractory veno-occlusive disease of the liver complicating allogeneic bone marrow transplantation . Bone Marrow Transplant . 1999;23:843–846
  293. Zenz T , Rossle M , Bertz H , et al.   Severe veno-occlusive disease after allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation—Role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) . Liver . 2001;21:31–36
  294. Fried MW , Connaghan DG , Sharma S , et al.   Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the management of severe venoocclusive disease following bone marrow transplantation . Hepatology . 1996;24:588–591
  295. Norris S , Crosbie O , Mcentee G , et al.   Orthotopic liver transplantation for veno-occlusive disease complicating autologous bone marrow transplantation . Transplant . 1997;63:1521–1524
  296. Rosen HR , Martin P , Schiller GJ , et al.   Orthotopic liver transplantation for bone-marrow transplant-associated veno-occlusive disease and graft-versus-host disease of the liver . Liver Transplant Surg . 1996;2:225–232
  297. Fiel MI , Schiano TD , Klion FM , et al.   Recurring fibro-obliterative venopathy in liver allografts . Am J Surg Path . 1999;23:734–737
  298. Shah KA , Levin J , Rosen N , et al.   Allopurinol hepatotoxicity potentiated by tamoxifen . Drug Intell Clin Pharm . 1985;19:431–433
  299. Vermill M , Judson I . Jaundice with odansetron . Lancet . 1994;344:190–191
  300. Heiberg JK , Svejgaard E . Toxic hepatitis during ketoconazole treatment . Br Med J . 1981;283:825–826
  301. Macnair AL , Gascoigne E , Heap J , et al.   Hepatitis and ketoconazole treatment . Br Med J . 1981;283:825–826
  302. Gupnther G , Mauz-Krholz C , Krholz D , et al.   G-CSF and liver toxicity in a patient with neuroblastoma . Lancet . 1992;8831:1352
  303. Haga S , Burke W . Using pharmacogenetics to improve drug safety and efficacy . JAMA . 2004;291:2869–2871
  304. Tukey R , Strassburg C , Mackenzie P . Pharmacogenomics of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and irinotecan toxicity . Mol Pharmacol . 2002;62:446–450
  305. Reuther L , Vainer B , Sonne J , et al.   Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype distribution in azathioprine-tolerant and -intolerant patients with various disorders. The impact of TPMT genotyping in predicting toxicity . Eur J Clin Pharmacol . 2004;59:797–801
  306. Innocenti F , Iyer L , Ratain M . Pharmacogenetics. A tool for individualizing antineoplastic therapy . Clin Pharmacokinet . 2000;39:315–325
  307. Watters J , McLeod H . Cancer pharmacogenomics (Current and future applications) . Biochim Biophys Acta . 2003;1603:99–111
  308. Innocenti F , Ratain M . Update on pharmacogenetics in cancer chemotherapy . Eur J Cancer . 2002;38:639–644
  309. Desai A , Innocenti F , Ratain M . Pharmacogenomics (Road to anticancer therapeutics nirvana?) . Oncogene . 2003;22:6621–6628
  310. Benichou C . Criteria of drug-induced liver disorders (Report of an international consensus meeting) . J Hepatol . 1990;11:272–276
  311. Oken MM , Creech RH , Tormey DC , et al.   Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group . Am J Clin Oncol . 1982;5:649–655

PII: S0093-7754(05)00431-8

doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.11.002

Seminars in Oncology
Volume 33, Issue 1 , Pages 50-67 , February 2006