Seminars in Oncology
Volume 33 , Pages 2-14 , April 2006

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for B-Cell Malignancies

  • Bruce D. Cheson

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Bruce D. Cheson, MD, Department of Hematology, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA

References 

  1. Winau F , Westphal O , Winau R . Paul Ehrlich—in search of the magic bullet . Microbes Infect . 2004;6:786–789
  2. Nadler LM , Ritz J , Hardy R , et al.   A unique cell surface antigen identifying lymphoid malignancies of B cell origin . J Clin Invest . 1981;67:134–140
  3. Miller RA , Maloney DG , Warnke R , et al.   Treatment of B-cell lymphoma with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody . N Engl J Med . 1982;306:517–522
  4. Dillman RO , Shawler DL , Dillman JB , et al.   Therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with T101 monoclonal antibody . J Clin Oncol . 1984;2:881–891
  5. Hertler AA , Schlossman DM , Borowitz MJ , et al.   A phase I study of T101-ricin A chain immunotoxin in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia . J Biol Response Mod . 1988;7:97–113
  6. Dyer MJ , Hale G , Hayhoe FG , et al.   Effects of CAMPATH-1 antibodies in vivo in patients with lymphoid malignancies (influence of antibody isotype) . Blood . 1989;73:1431–1439
  7. Hale G , Xia MQ , Tighe HP , et al.   The CAMPATH-1 antigen (CDw52) . Tissue Antigens . 1990;35:118–127
  8. Ginaldi L , De Martinis M , Matutes E , et al.   Levels of expression of CD52 in normal and leukemic B and T cells (Correlation with in vivo therapeutic responses to Campath-1H) . Leuk Res . 1998;22:185–191
  9. Dyer MJ . The role of CAMPATH-1 antibodies in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies . Semin Oncol . 1999;26:52–57
  10. Österborg A , Dyer MJ , Bunjes D , et al.  European Study Group of CAMPATH-1H Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia   Phase II multicenter study of human CD52 antibody in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia . J Clin Oncol . 1997;15:1567–1574
  11. Keating MJ . Chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Semin Oncol . 1999;26:107–114
  12. Lin TS , Flinn IW , Modali R , et al.   FCGR3A and FCGR2A polymorphisms may not correlate with response to alemtuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 2005;105:289–291
  13. Rai  , KR  , Coutre S , Rizzieri D . Efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in refractory B-CLL patients treated on a compassionate basis . Blood . 2001;98:365a; (abstr)
  14. Lundin J , Kimby E , Bjorkholm M , et al.   Phase II trial of subcutaneous anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) as first-line treatment for patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 2002;100:768–773
  15. Hale G , Rebello P , Brettman LR , et al.   Blood concentrations of alemtuzumab and antiglobulin responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia following intravenous or subcutaneous routes of administration . Blood . 2004;104:948–955
  16. Lundin J , Karlsson C , Kimby E , et al.   Subcutaneous alemtuzumab without dose escalation in patients with previously treated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Leuk Lymphoma . 2005;46(suppl 1):S93; (abstr P.106)
  17. Stilgenbauer S , Winkler D , Krober A , et al.   Subcutaneous Campath-1H (alemtuzumab) in fludarabine-refractory CLL (Interim analysis of the CLL2h study of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG)) . Blood . 2004;104:140a; (abstr 478)
  18. Moreton P , Kennedy B , Rawstron A , et al.   The correlation between the eradication of minimal residual disease (MRD) following alemtuzumab for CLL and overall survival . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:2971–2979
  19. Montillo M , Tedschi A , Rossi V , et al.   Consolidation with alemtuzumab after a response to fludarabine in patients with CLL (Confirmation of the efficacy to purge residual disease) . Leuk Lymphoma . 2005;46(suppl 1):S93; (abstr P.107)
  20. O’Brien SM , Kantarjian HM , Thomas DA , et al.   Alemtuzumab as treatment for residual disease after chemotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Cancer . 2003;98:2657–2663
  21. Rai KR , Byrd JC , Bercedis BL , et al.   A phase II trial of fludarabine followed by alemtuzumab in previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with active disease (Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study 19901) . Blood . 2002;100:205–206 (abstr 772)
  22. Stilgenbauer S , Dohner H . Campath-1H induced complete remission of chronic lymphocytic leukemia despite p53 gene mutation and resistance to chemotherapy . N Engl J Med . 2002;347:452–453
  23. Lozanski G , Heerema NA , Flinn IW , et al.   Alemtuzumab is an effective therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia with p53 mutations and deletions . Blood . 2004;103:3278–3281
  24. Dohner H , Stilgenbauer S , Benner A , et al.   Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia . N Engl J Med . 2000;343:1910–1916
  25. Petitt AR , Matutes E , Oscier D . Alemtuzumab in combination with high-dose methylprednisolone (A rational approach for CLL patients with p53 defects) . Leuk Lymphoma . 2005;46(suppl 1):S91; (abstr P.105)
  26. Kennedy B , Rawstron A , Carter C , et al.   Campath-1H and fludarabine in combination are highly active in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 2002;99:2245–2247
  27. Elter T , Borchmann P , Schulz H , et al.   Fludarabine in combination with alemtuzumab is effective and feasible in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Results of a phase II trial) . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:7024–7031
  28. Pawson R , Dyer MJ , Barge R , et al.   Treatment of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with human CD52 antibody . J Clin Oncol . 1997;15:2667–2672
  29. Dearden CE , Matutes E , Cazin B , et al.   High remission rate in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with CAMPATH-1H . Blood . 2001;98:1721–1726
  30. Keating MJ , Flinn I , Jain V , et al.   Therapeutic role of alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in patients who have failed fludarabine (Results of a large international study) . Blood . 2002;99:3554–3561
  31. Reff ME , Carner K , Chambers KS , et al.   Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20 . Blood . 1994;83:435–445
  32. Maloney DG , Liles TM , Czerwinski DK , et al.   Phase I clinical trial using escalating single-dose infusion of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in patients with recurrent B-cell lymphoma . Blood . 1994;84:2457–2466
  33. Maloney DG , Grillo-Lopez AJ , Bodkin DJ , et al.   IDEC-C2B8 (Results of a phase I multiple-dose trial in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) . J Clin Oncol . 1997;15:3266–3274
  34. Nguyen DT , Amess JA , Doughty H , et al.   IDEC-C2B8 anti-CD20 (rituximab) immunotherapy in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and lymphoproliferative disorders (Evaluation of response on 48 patients) . Eur J Haematol . 1999;62:76–82
  35. Winkler U , Jensen M , Manzke O , et al.   Cytokine-release syndrome in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and high lymphocyte counts after treatment with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab, IDEC-C2B8) . Blood . 1999;94:2217–2224
  36. Foran JM , Rohatiner AZ , Cunningham D , et al.   European phase II study of rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for patients with newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma and previously treated mantle-cell lymphoma, immunocytoma, and small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2000;18:317–324
  37. Huhn D , von Schilling C , Wilhelm M , et al.   Rituximab therapy of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 2001;98:1326–1331
  38. McLaughlin P , Grillo-Lopez AJ , Link BK , et al.   Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma (Half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program) . J Clin Oncol . 1998;16:2825–2833
  39. O’Brien SM , Kantarjian H , Thomas DA , et al.   Rituximab dose-escalation trial in chronic lymphocytic leukemia . J Clin Oncol . 2001;19:2165–2170
  40. Byrd JC , Murphy T , Howard RS , et al.   Rituximab using a thrice weekly dosing schedule in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma demonstrates clinical activity and acceptable toxicity . J Clin Oncol . 2001;19:2153–2164
  41. Hainsworth JD , Burris HA , Morrissey LH , et al.   Rituximab monoclonal antibody as initial systemic therapy for patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Blood . 2000;95:3052–3056
  42. Hainsworth JD , Litchy S , Burris HA , et al.   Rituximab as first-line and maintenance therapy for patients with indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:4261–4267
  43. Hainsworth JD , Litchy S , Barton JH , et al.   Single-agent rituximab as first-line and maintenance treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (A phase II trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network) . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:1746–1751
  44. Byrd JC , Rai K , Peterson BL , et al.   Addition of rituximab to fludarabine may prolong progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (An update retrospective comparative analysis of CALGB 9712 and CALGB 9011) . Blood . 2005;105:49–53
  45. Schulz H , Klein SK , Rehwald U , et al.   Phase 2 study of a combined immunochemotherapy using rituximab and fludarabine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 2002;100:3115–3120
  46. Byrd JC , Rai K , Peterson BL , et al.   Addition of rituximab to fludarabine may prolong progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (An updated retrospective comparative analysis of CALGB 9712 and CALGB 9011) . Blood . 2005;105:49–53
  47. Keating MJ , O’Brien S , Albitar M , et al.   Early results of a chemoimmunotherapy regimen of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab as initial therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:4079–4088
  48. Wierda W , O’Brien S , Wen S , et al.   Chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:4009–4012
  49. Ghazal H . Successful treatment of pure red cell aplasia with rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 2002;99:1092–1094
  50. Hegde UP , Wilson WH , White T , et al.   Rituximab treatment of refractory fludarabine-associated immune thrombocytopenia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 2002;100:2260–2262
  51. Nabhan C , Gartenhaus RB , Tallman MS . Purine nucleoside analogues and combination therapies in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Dawn of a new era) . Leuk Res . 2004;28:429–442
  52. Nabhan C , Rosen ST . Conceptual aspects of combining rituximab and Campath-1H in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Semin Oncol . 2002;29:75–80
  53. Faderl S , Thomas DA , O’Brien S . Experience with alemtuzumab plus rituximab in patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoid malignancies . Blood . 2003;101:3413–3415
  54. Waters JS , Webb A , Cunningham D , et al.   Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2000;18:1812–1823
  55. Rai KR , Moore JO , Boyd TE , et al.   Chemotherapy with or without oblimersen sodium (Bcl-2 Antisense; Genasense; G3139) in advanced CLL (Report of a large randomized study) . Leuk Lymphoma . 2005;46(suppl 1):S85; (abstr P94)
  56. Pathan N , Hariharan K , Hopkins M , et al.   Induction of apoptosis by IDEC-152 (anti-CD23) in lymphoma cells . Blood . 2001;98:367a; (abstr 1545)
  57. Byrd JC , Brien SO , Flinn I , et al.   Preliminary results from a phase /II study of lumiliximab in combination with FCR for previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Leuk Lymphoma . 2005;46(suppl 1):S97; (abstr P113)
  58. Coiffier B , Tilly H , Pedersen LM , et al.   A novel, fully human, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. First clinical results from an ongoing phase I/II trial in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Leuk Lymphoma . 2005;46(suppl 1):S96; (abstr P111)
  59. Davis TA , White CA , Grillo-Lopez AJ , et al.   Single-agent monoclonal antibody efficacy in bulky non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Results of a phase II trial of rituximab) . J Clin Oncol . 1999;17:1851–1857
  60. Piro LD , White CA , Grillo-Lopez AJ , et al.   Extended rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) therapy for relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . Ann Oncol . 1999;10:655–661
  61. Colombat P , Salles G , Brousse N , et al.   Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) as single first-line therapy for patients with follicular lymphoma with a low tumor burden (clinical and molecular evaluation) . Blood . 2001;97:101–106
  62. Witzig TE , Vukov AM , Habermann TM , et al.   Rituximab therapy for patients with newly diagnosed, advanced-stage, follicular grade I non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (A phase II trial in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group) . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:1103–1108
  63. Ghielmini M , Schmitz SF , Cogliatti SB , et al.   Prolonged treatment with rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma significantly increases event-free survival and response duration compared with the standard weekly x 4 schedule . Blood . 2004;103:4416–4423
  64. Hochster HS , Weller E , Gascoyne RD , et al.   Maintenance rituximab after CVP results in superior clinical outcome in advanced follicular lymphoma (FL) (Results of the E1496 phase III trial from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group B) . Blood . 2005;106:106a; (abstr 349)
  65. Davis TA , Maloney DG , Grillo-Lopez AJ , et al.   Combination immunotherapy of relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with rituximab and interferon-alpha-2a . Clin Cancer Res . 2000;6:2644–2652
  66. Davis TA , Grillo-Lopez AJ , White CA , et al.   Rituximab anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Safety and efficacy of re-treatment) . J Clin Oncol . 2000;18:3135–3143
  67. Hainsworth JD , Litchy S , Lamp MR , et al.   First-line treatment with brief-duration chemotherapy plus rituximab in elderly patients with intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Phase II trial) . Clin Lymphoma . 2003;4:36–42
  68. Czuczman MS , Grillo-Lopez AJ , White CA , et al.   Treatment of patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma with the combination of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and CHOP chemotherapy . J Clin Oncol . 1999;17:268–276
  69. Czuczman MS . CHOP plus rituximab chemoimmunotherapy of indolent B-cell lymphoma . Semin Oncol . 1999;26:88–96
  70. Czuczman MS , Weaver R , Alkazweny B , et al.   Prolonged clinical and molecular remission in patients with low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with rituximab plus CHOP (9-Year follow-up) . J Clin Oncol . 2004;22:4711–4716
  71. Czuczman MS . Combination chemotherapy and rituximab . Anticancer Drugs . 2001;12(suppl 2):S15–S19
  72. Vitolo U , Boccomini C , Ladetto M , et al.   High clinical and molecular response rate in elderly patients with advanced stage follicular lymphoma treated at diagnosis with a brief chemo-immunotherapy FND + rituximab . Blood . 2002;100:359a–360a (abstr 1392)
  73. Martinelli G , Laszlo D , Mancuso P , et al.   Rituximab plus chlorambucil in low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) (Clinical results of a phase II study) . Blood . 2002;100:777a; (abstr 3073)
  74. Sacchi S , Federico M , Vitolo U , et al.   Clinical activity and safety of combination immunotherapy with IFN-alpha 2a and Rituximab in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . Haematologica . 2001;86:951–958
  75. Gregory SA , Venugopal P , Adler S , et al.   Combined fludarabine, mitoxantrone and rituximab achieves a high response rate as initial treatment for advanced low grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LGNHL) . Blood . 2002;100:362a; (abstr 1401)
  76. Zinzani PL , Oulsoni A , Perrotti A , et al.   Fludarabine plus ritoxantrone with and without rituximab versus CHOP with and without rituximab as front-line treatment for patients with follicular lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2004;22:2654–2661
  77. Marcus R , Imrie K , Belch A , et al.   CVP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CVP as first-line treatment for advanced follicular lymphoma . Blood . 2005;105:1417–1423
  78. Hiddemann W , Dreyling M , Unterhalt M . Rituximab plus chemotherapy in follicular and mantle cell lymphomas . Semin Oncol . 2003;30:16–20
  79. Rummel MJ , Al-Batran SE , Kim SZ , et al.   Bendamustine plus rituximab is effective and has a favorable toxicity profile in the treatment of mangle cell and low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2005;20:3383–3389
  80. Hiddemann W , Kneba M , Dreyling MH , et al.   Front-line therapy with rituximab added to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) significantly improves the outcome of patients with advanced stage follicular lymphomas as compared to CHOP alone–Results of a prospective randomized study of the German low grade lymphoma study group (GLSG) . Blood . 2005;106:3725–3732
  81. Solal-Celigny P , Roy P , Colombat P , et al.   Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index . Blood . 2004;104:1258–1265
  82. Herold M , Pasold R , Srock S , et al.   Results of a prospective randomized open label phase III study comparing rituximab plus mitoxantrone, chlorambucile, prednisolone chemotherapy (R-MCP) versus MCP alone in untreated advanced indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and mantel-cell lymphoma (MCL) . Blood . 2004;104:584; (abstr)
  83. Fisher RI , LeBlanc M , Press OW , et al.   New treatment options have changed the survival of patients with follicular lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2005;20:8447–8452
  84. Fisher RI , Gaynor ER , Dahlberg S , et al.   Comparison of a standard regimen (CHOP) with three intensive chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . N Engl J Med . 1993;328:1002–1006
  85. Coiffier B , Haioun C , Ketterer N , et al.   Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for the treatment of patients with relapsing or refractory aggressive lymphoma (A multicenter phase II study) . Blood . 1998;92:1927–1932
  86. Vose JM , Weisenburger DD , Lynch JC , et al.   CNOP for diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (The Nebraska lymphoma study group experience) . Leuk Lymphoma . 2002;43:799–804
  87. Coiffier B , Lepage E , Briere J , et al.   CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma . N Engl J Med . 2002;346:235–242
  88. Habermann TM, Weller EA, Morrison VA, et al: Rituximab-CHOP versus CHOP alone or with maintenance rituximab in older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol (in press)
  89. Pfreundschuh M , Truemper L , Gill D , et al.   First analysis of the completed Mabthera International (MInT) Trial in young patients with low-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (Addition of rituximab to a CHOP-like regimen significantly improves outcome of all patients with the identification of a very favorable subgroup with IPI=O and no bulky disease) . Blood . 2004;104:48a; (abstr 157)
  90. Sehn LH , Donaldson J , Chhanabhai M , et al.   Introduction of combined CHOP plus rituximab therapy dramatically improved outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in British Columbia . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:5027–5033
  91. Teodorovic I , Pittaluga S , Kluin-Nelemans JC , et al.  European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Group   Efficacy of four different regimens in 64 mantle-cell lymphoma cases (Clinicopathologic comparison with 498 other non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma subtypes) . J Clin Oncol . 1995;13:2819–2826
  92. Igarashi T , Kobayashi Y , Ogura M , et al.   Factors affecting toxicity, response and progression-free survival in relapsed patients with indolent B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma treated with rituximab (A Japanese phase II study) . Ann Oncol . 2002;13:928–943
  93. Howard OM , Gribben JG , Neuberg DS , et al.   Rituximab and CHOP induction therapy for newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma (Molecular complete responses are not predictive of progression-free survival) . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:1288–1294
  94. Forstpointner R , Dreyling M , Repp R , et al.   The addition of rituximab to a combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone (FCM) significantly increases the response rate and prolongs survival as compared with FCM alone in patients with relapsed and refractory follicular and mantle cell lymphomas (results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group) . Blood . 2004;104:3064–3071
  95. Weng WK , Levy R . Two immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphisms independently predict response to rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:3940–3947
  96. Bohen SP , Troyanskaya OG , Alter O , et al.   Variation in gene expression patterns in follicular lymphoma and the response to rituximab . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2003;100:1926–1930
  97. Farag SS , Flinn IW , Modali R , et al.   Fc gamma RIIIa and Fc gamma RIIa polymorphisms do not predict response to rituximab in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 2004;103:1472–1474
  98. Wilson WH . Chemotherapy sensitization by rituximab (Experimental and clinical evidence) . Semin Oncol . 2000;27:30–36
  99. Mounier N , Briere J , Gisselbrecht C , et al.   Rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) overcomes bcl-2–associated resistance to chemotherapy in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) . Blood . 2003;101:4279–4284
  100. Lundin J , Osterborg A , Brittinger G , et al.  European Study Group of CAMPATH-1H Treatment in Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma   CAMPATH-1H monoclonal antibody in therapy for previously treated low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (A phase II multicenter study) . J Clin Oncol . 1998;16:3257–3263
  101. Enblad G , Hagberg H , Erlanson M , et al.   A pilot study of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) therapy for patients with relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas . Blood . 2004;103:2920–2924
  102. Leonard JP , Coleman M , Ketas JC , et al.   Phase I/II trial of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 antibody) in indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:3051–3059
  103. Emmanouilides C , Leonard JP , Schuster SJ , et al.   Multi-center, phase 2 study of combination antibody therapy with epratuzumab plus rituximab in recurring low-grade NHL . Blood . 2003;102:xx; (abstr 233)
  104. Leonard JP , Coleman M , Ketas J , et al.   Combination antibody therapy with epratuzumab and rituximab in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:5044–5051
  105. Leonard J , Friedberg J , Younnes A , et al.   Results from a phase I/II study of galiximab (anti-CD80) in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20) for relapsed or refractory, follicular NHL . Ann Oncol . 2005;16(suppl 5):71; (abstr 115)
  106. Cheson BD . Radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin lymphomas . Blood . 2003;101:391–398
  107. Wiseman GA , Gordon LI , Multani PS , et al.   Ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mild thrombocytopenia (A phase II multicenter trial) . Blood . 2002;99:4336–4342
  108. Witzig TE , White CA , Wiseman GA , et al.   Phase I/II trial of IDEC-Y2B8 radioimmunotherapy for treatment of relapsed or refractory CD20(+) B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 1999;17:3793–3803
  109. Witzig TE , Flinn IW , Gordon LI , et al.   Treatment with ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy in patients with rituximab-refractory follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:3262–3269
  110. Gordon LI , Molina A , Witzig T , et al.   Durable responses after ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for CD20+ B-cell lymphoma (Long-term follow-up of a phase 1/2 study) . Blood . 2004;103:4429–4431
  111. Wiseman G , Geyer S , Porrata L , et al.   Ongoing results of a phase I trial of two sequential doses of Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalen) for patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) . Ann Oncol . 2005;16:v134–v137 (abstr 333)
  112. Witzig TE , Gordon LI , Cabanillas F , et al.   Randomized controlled trial of yttrium-90-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy versus rituximab immunotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:2453–2463
  113. Kaminski MS , Zelenetz AD , Press OW , et al.   Pivotal study of iodine I 131 tositumomab for chemotherapy-refractory low-grade or transformed low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas . J Clin Oncol . 2001;19:3918–3928
  114. Kaminski MS , Tuck M , Estes J , et al.   131I-tositumomab therapy as initial treatment for follicular lymphoma . N Engl J Med . 2005;352:441–449
  115. Press OW , Unger J , Manoley D , et al.   An update of a phase II trial of CHOP followed by tositumomab/Iodine I-131 tositumomab (Bexxar) for front-line treatment of advanced stage, follicular lymphoma (Southwest Oncology Group protocol 9911) . Blood . 2005;106(suppl 1):107a; (abstr 352)
  116. Gopal AK , Gooley TA , Maloney DG , et al.   High-dose radioimmunotherapy versus conventional high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (A multivariable cohort analysis) . Blood . 2003;102:2351–2357
  117. Kaminski MS , Tuck M , Estes J , et al.   131I-tositumomab therapy as initial treatment for follicular lymphoma . N Engl J Med . 2005;352:441–449
  118. Bennett JM , Kaminski MS , Leonard JP , et al.   Assessment of treatment-related myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with tositumomab and iodine I131 tositumomab . Blood . 2005;105:4576–4582
  119. Witzig TE , White CA , Gordon LI , et al.   Safety of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for relapsed low-grade, follicular, or transformed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:1263–1270
  120. Ansell SM , Ristow KM , Habermann TM , et al.   Subsequent chemotherapy regimens are well tolerated after radioimmunotherapy with yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:3885–3890
  121. Cartron G , Dacheux L , Salles G , et al.   Therapeutic activity of humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor FcgammaRIIIa gene . Blood . 2002;99:754–758
  122. Podar K , Anderson KC . The pathophysiological role of VEGF in hematological malignancies (Therapeutic implications) . Blood . 2005;105:1383–1395
  123. Cheson BD . New drugs for lymphomas . Ann Oncol . 2005;16:v65–v67 (abstr 101)

PII: S0093-7754(06)00056-X

doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2006.01.024

Seminars in Oncology
Volume 33 , Pages 2-14 , April 2006

Article Tools