Seminars in Oncology
Volume 34 , Pages S3-S7 , December 2007

Clinical Management of T-Cell Malignancies: Current Perspectives, Key Issues, and Emerging Therapies

  • Bruce D. Cheson

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Bruce D. Cheson, MD, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007
    • Dr Cheson has served as a member of the Advisory board for Seattle Genetics and Millennium Pharmaceuticals.

References 

  1. Gisselbrecht C, Gaulard P, Lepage E, et al. Groupe d’Etudes des Lymphomes de l’Adulte (GELA) Prognostic significance of T-cell phenotype in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Blood. 1998;92:76–82
  2. Coiffier B, Lepage E, Brière J, et al. CHOP plus rituximab compared with CHOP chemotherapy in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:235–242
  3. Feugier P, Van Hoof A, Sebban C, et al. Long-term results of the R-CHOP study in the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A study by the Groupe d’Etudes des Lymphomes de l’Adulte. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4117–4126
  4. Shipp MA, Harrington DP, Anderson JR, et al. Development of a predictive model for aggressive lymphoma: The International Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:987–994
  5. Rosenwald A, Wright G, Chan WC, et al. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1937–1947
  6. Went P, Agostinelli C, Gallamini A, et al. Marker expression in peripheral T-cell lymphoma: A proposed clinical-pathologic prognostic score. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2472–2479
  7. Ballester B, Ramuz O, Gisselbrecht C, et al. Gene expression profiling identifies molecular subgroups among nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Oncogene. 2006;25:1560–1570
  8. Kohn EC, Steis RG, Sausville EA, et al. Phase II trial of intermittent high-dose recombinant interferon alfa-2a in mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 1990;8:155–160
  9. Mercieca J, Matutes E, Dearden C, et al. The role of pentostatin in the treatment of T-cell malignancies: analysis of response rate in 145 patients according to disease subtype. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12:2588–2593
  10. Kong LR, Samuelson E, Rosen ST, et al. 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine in cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Leuk Lymphoma. 1997;26:89–97
  11. Kuzel TM, Hurria A, Samuelson E, et al. Phase II trial of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 1996;87:906–911
  12. Furman RR, Gore L, Ravandi F, et al. Forodesine IV (Bcx-1777) is clinically active in relapsed/refractory T-cell leukemia: Results of a phase II study (interim report). Blood. 2006;108(suppl 1):524a;(abstr 1851)
  13. Duvic M, Forero-Torres A, Foss F, et al. Oral forodesine (Bcx-1777) is clinically active in refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: Results of a phase I/II study. Blood. 2006;108(suppl 1):698a;(abstr 2467)
  14. Gandhi V, Keating M, O’Brien S, et al. Compound GW506U78 in refractory hematologic malignancies: Relationship between cellular pharmacokinetics and clinical response. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:3607–3615
  15. Berg SL, Ernst TJ, Keating MJ, et al. Phase II study of nelarabine (compound 506U78) in children and young adults with refractory T-cell malignancies: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3376–3382
  16. Czuczman MS, Porcu P, Johnson J, et al. Results of a phase II study of 506U78 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma: CALGB 59901. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007;48:97–103
  17. Zinzani PL, Baliva G, Magagnoli M, et al. Gemcitabine treatment in pretreated cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: Experience in 44 patients. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:2603–2606
  18. Marchi E, Alinari L, Tani M, et al. Gemcitabine as frontline treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Phase II study of 32 patients. Cancer. 2005;104:2437–2441
  19. Zinzani PL, Magagnoli M, Bendandi M, et al. Therapy with gemcitabine in pretreated peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients. Ann Oncol. 1998;9:1351–1353
  20. Talpur R, Apisarnthanarax N, Ward S, et al. Treatment of refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma with denileukin diftitox (ONTAK). Leuk Lymphoma. 2002;43:121–126
  21. Dang NH, Pro B, Hagemeister FB, et al. Phase II trial of denileukin diftitox for relapsed/refractory T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2007;36:439–447
  22. Duvic M, Talpur R, Ni X, et al. Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Blood. 2007;109:31–39
  23. Piekarz RL, Robey R, Sandor V, et al. Inhibitor of histone deacetylation, depsipeptide (FR901228), in the treatment of peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: A case report. Blood. 2001;98:2865–2868
  24. O’Connor OA, Heaney ML, Schwartz L, et al. Clinical experience with intravenous and oral formulations of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:166–173
  25. O’Connor OA, Hamlin PA, Gerecitano J, et al. Pralatrexate (PDX) produces durable complete remissions in patients with chemotherapy resistant precursor and peripheral T-cell lymphomas: Results of the MSKCC phase I/II experience. Blood. 2006;108(suppl 1):122a–123a(abstr 400)
  26. Rummel MJ, Al-Batran S, Kim SZ, et al. Bendamustine plus rituximab is effective and has a favorable toxicity profile in the treatment of mantle cell and low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3383–3389
  27. Schwänen C, Karakas T, Begmann L. Bendamustine in the treatment of low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Onkologie. 2000;23:318–324
  28. Kath R, Blumenstengel K, Fricke HJ, et al. Bendamustine monotherapy in advanced and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001;127:48–54
  29. Rummel MJ, Mitrou PS, Hoelzer D. Bendamustine in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Results and future perspectives. Semin Oncol. 2002;29:27–32
  30. Rummel MJ, Kim SZ, Chow KU, et al. Bendamustine and rituximab act synergistically in vitro and are effective in the treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent and mantle cell lymphomas. Blood. 2003;102(suppl 1):104a;(abstr 353)
  31. Bremer K. High rates of long-lasting remissions after 5-day bendamustine chemotherapy cycles in pre-treated low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002;128:603–609
  32. Weidmann E, Kim SZ, Rost A, et al. Bendamustine is effective in relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:1285–1289
  33. Friedberg JW, Cohen P, Cheson BD, et al. Bendamustine HCL (TREANDA) treatment results in high rates of objective response in patients with rituximab-refractory and alkylator-refractory indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL): Results from a phase II multicenter single-agent study. Blood. 2005;106(suppl 1):70a;(abstr 229)
  34. Warrell RP, Coonley CJ, Straus DJ, et al. Treatment of patients with advanced malignant lymphoma using gallium nitrate administration as a seven-day continuous infusion. Cancer. 1983;51:1982–1987
  35. Keller J, Bartolucci A, Carpenter JT, et al. Phase II evaluation of bolus gallium nitrate in lymphoproliferative disorders: A Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial. Cancer Treat Rep. 1986;70:1221–1223
  36. Weick JK, Stephens RL, Baker LH, et al. Gallium nitrate in malignant lymphoma: A Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer Treat Rep. 1983;67:823–825
  37. Huang Z, Higgins B, Foss F. Activity of gallium nitrate in refractory T-cell lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma. 2005;6:43–45
  38. Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, et al. Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2487–2498
  39. O’Connor OA, Wright J, Moskowitz C, et al. Phase II clinical experience with the novel proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:676–684
  40. Goy A, Younes A, McLaughlin P, et al. A phase II study of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:667–675
  41. Fisher RI, Bernstein SH, Kahl BS, et al. Multicenter phase II study of bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4867–4874
  42. Blum KA, Johnson JL, Niedzwiecki D, et al. A phase II study of bortezomib in relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Preliminary results of CALGB 50206. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:440s;(abstr 7576)
  43. Muthukkumar S, Ramesh TM, Bondada S. Rapamycin, a potent immunosuppressive drug, causes programmed cell death in B lymphoma cells. Transplantation. 1995;60:264–270
  44. Schmelzle T, Hall MN. TOR, a central controller of cell growth. Cell. 2000;103:253–262
  45. Witzig T, Geyer S, Ghobrial I, et al. Final results of a phase II trial of single-agent temsirolimus (CCI-779) for relapsed mantle cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2005;16:19;(abstr 095)
  46. Ansell SM, Geyer SM, Kurtin PJ, et al. Anti-tumor activity of mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus for relapsed mantle cell lymphoma: A phase II trial in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:430s;(abstr 7532)
  47. Younes A, Kadin ME. Emerging applications of the tumor necrosis factor family of ligands and receptors in cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3526–3534
  48. Kirkwood JM, Bedikian AY, Millward MJ, et al. Long-term survival results of a randomized multinational phase 3 trial of dacarbazine (DTIC) with or without Bcl-2 antisense (oblimersen sodium) in patients (pts) with advanced malignant melanoma (MM). J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:711s;(abstr 7506)
  49. O’Brien SM, Cunningham CC, Golenkov AK, et al. Phase I to II multicenter study of oblimersen sodium, a Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide, in patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:7697–7702
  50. O’Brien S, Moore JO, Boyd TE, et al. Randomized phase III trial of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide with or without oblimersen sodium (Bcl-e antisense) in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1114–1120
  51. Leonard J, Hainsworth J, Bernstein S, et al. Genasense (Oblimersen sodium, G3139) is active and well-tolerated both alone and with R-CHOP in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 2003;102(suppl 1):143a;(abstr 490)
  52. James DF, Castro JE, Loria O, et al. AT-101, a small molecule Bcl-2 antagonist, in treatment naive CLL patients (pts) with high risk features: Preliminary results from an ongoing phase I trial. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:362s;(abstr 6605)
  53. O’Brien S, Kipps T, Faderl S, et al. A phase I trial of the small molecule pan-Bcl-2 family inhibitor GX15-070 administered intravenously (IV) every 3 233ks to patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Blood. 2005;106(suppl 1):135a;(abstr 446)
  54. Kelley SK, Ashkenazi A. Targeting death receptors in cancer with APO2L/TRAIL. Curr Opinion Pharmacol. 2004;4:333–339
  55. Chanan-Khan AA, Miller KC, Musialo L, et al. Clinical efficacy of lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Results of a phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:5343–5349
  56. Grinblatt DL, Johnson J, Niedzwiecki D, et al. Phase II study of thalidomide in escalating doses for follicular (F-NHL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Blood. 2004;104:897a;(abstr 3284)
  57. Witzig TE, Vose JM, Kaplan HP, et al. Early results from a phase II study of lenalidomide monotherapy in relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Blood. 2006;108(suppl 1):703a;(abstr 2482)
  58. Wiernik PH, Lossos I, Tuscano J, et al. Preliminary results from a phase II study of lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Blood. 2006;108(suppl 1):160a–161a(abstr 531)
  59. Enblad G, Hagberg H, Erlanson M, et al. A pilot study of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) therapy for patients with relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Blood. 2004;103:2920–2924
  60. Ansell S, Byrd J, Horwitz S, et al. Phase I/II study of a fully human anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (MDX-060) in Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Blood. 2003;102(suppl 1):181a;(abstr 632)
  61. Bartlett NL, Bernstein SH, Leonard JP, et al. Safety, antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics of six weekly doses of SGN-30 (anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody) in patients with refractory or recurrent CD30+ hematologic malignancies. Blood. 2003;102(suppl 1):647a;(abstr 2390)

PII: S0093-7754(07)00221-7

doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.11.001

Seminars in Oncology
Volume 34 , Pages S3-S7 , December 2007

Article Tools