Seminars in Oncology
Volume 35, Issue 1 , Pages 64-71 , February 2008

The Medical Treatment of Inflammatory Breast Cancer

  • Shaheenah Dawood

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Oncology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
  • ,
  • Naoto T. Ueno

      Affiliations

    • The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic–Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
    • Department of Stem Cell Translation and Cellular Therapy, Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
  • ,
  • Massimo Cristofanilli

      Affiliations

    • The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic–Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Massimo Cristofanilli, MD, Breast Medical Oncology Department, Unit 1354, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.

References 

  1. Lee B, Tannenbaum N. Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast: a report of twenty-eight cases from the breast clinic of Memorial hospital. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1924;39:580
  2. Levine PH, Steinhorn SC, Ries LG, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer (The experience of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1985;74:291–297
  3. Breast. In:  Green FL,  Page DL,  Fleming ID,  Fritz AG,  Balch CM, et al. editor. AAJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed.. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2002;p. 225–281
  4. Haagensen CD. Inflammatory carcinoma; diseases of the breast. In: Philadelphia: Saunders; 1956;p. 488–498
  5. Leitch A. Peau d’orange in acute mammary carcinoma: its cause and diagnostic value. Lancet. 1909;1:861–863
  6. Jaiyesimi IA, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi G. Inflammatory breast cancer: a review. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10:1014–1024
  7. Hance KW, Anderson WF, Devesa SS, et al. Trends in inflammatory breast carcinoma incidence and survival: the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program at the National Cancer Institute. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:966–975
  8. Gruber G, Ciriolo M, Altermatt HJ, et al. Prognosis of dermal lymphatic invasion with or without clinical signs of inflammatory breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2004;109:144–148
  9. Jardines L, Haffty BG, Theriautl RL. Locally advanced, locally recurrent and metastatic breast cancer. In:  Pazdur R,  Coia LR,  Hoskins WJ,  Wagman LD editor. Cancer management (A multidisciplinary approach). 3rd ed.. Melville, NY: PRR; 1999;p. 73–88
  10. Paradiso A, Tommasi S, Brandi M, et al. Cell kinetics and hormonal receptor status in inflammatory breast carcinoma: comparison with locally advanced disease. Cancer. 1989;64:1922–1927
  11. Kleer CG, van Golen KL, Merajver SD. Molecular biology of breast cancer metastasis inflammatory breast cancer: clinical syndrome and molecular determinants. Breast Cancer Res. 2000;2:423–429
  12. Turpin E, Bieche I, Berthaeau P, et al. The increased incidence of ERBB2 over expression and TP53 mutation in inflammatory breast cancer. Oncogene. 2002;21:7593–7597
  13. Angulo-Gonzalez AM, Sneige N, Kau SW, et al. p53 expression as a prognostic marker in inflammatory breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2004;10:6215–6221
  14. Tomlinson JS, Aplaugh ML, Barsky SH. An intact overexpressed E-cadherin/alpha, beta-catenin axis characterizes the lymphovascular emboli of inflammatory breast carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2001;61:5231–5241
  15. Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Guarneri V, Gong Y, et al. Downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 might correlate with poor disease-free and overall survival in inflammatory breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2006;7:326–330
  16. Van der Auwera I, Van Laere SJ, Van Den Eynden GG, et al. Increased angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory versus noninflammatory breast cancer by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR gene expression quantification. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:7965–7971
  17. Van der Auwera I, Van den Eynden GG, Copaert CG, et al. Tumor lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory breast carcinoma: a histomorphometric study. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:7637–7642
  18. Van Laere SJ, Van den Eynden GG, Van Der Auwera I, et al. Identification of cell-of origin breast tumor subtypes in inflammatory breast cancer by gene expression profiling. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006;95:243–255
  19. van Golen KL, Davies S, Wu ZF, et al. A novel putative low-affinity insulin-like growth factor-binding protein LIBC (lost in inflammatory breast cancer), and RhoC GTPase correlate with the inflammatory breast cancer phenotype. Clin Cancer Res. 1995;5:2511–2519
  20. Ridley AJ. The GTP-binding protein Rho. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997;29:1225–1229
  21. van Golen KL, Wu ZF, Qiao XT, et al. RhoC GTPase, a novel transforming oncogene f or human mammary epithelial cells that partially recapitulates the inflammatory breast cancer phenotype. Cancer Res. 2000;60:5832–5838
  22. van Golen KL, Wu ZF, Qiao XT, et al. Rhoc GTPase overexpression modulates induction of angiogenic factors in breast cells. Neoplasia. 2000;418–425
  23. Kleer CG, Zhang Y, Pan Q, et al. WISP3 is a novel tumor suppressor gene of inflammatory breast cancer. Oncogene. 2002;21:3172–3180
  24. Bozzetti F, Saccozzi R, Lena MD, Salvadori B. Inflammatory cancer of the breast: analysis of 114 cases. J Surg Oncol. 1981;18:355–361
  25. Atkins HL, Horrigan WD. Treatment of locally advanced carcinoma of the breast with roentgen therapy and simple mastectomy. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1961;85:860–864
  26. Kuerer HM, Newman LA, Smith TL, et al. Clinical course of breast cancer patients with complete pathological primary tumor and axillary lymph node response to doxorubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:460–469
  27. Dawood S, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Peintinger F, et al. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant trastuzumab combined with paclitaxel and epirubicin: a retrospective review of the M.D. Anderson experience. Cancer. 2007;110:1195–1200
  28. Ueno NT, Buzdar AU, Singletary SE, et al. Combined modality treatment of inflammatory breast carcinoma: twenty years of experience at M.D. Anderson Center. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1997;40:321–329
  29. Blumenschein G, Montague ED, Eckles NE, et al. Sequential combined modality therapy for inflammatory breast cancer. Breast. 1976;2:16–20
  30. Perez CA, Fields JN, Fracasso PM, et al. Mangement of locally advanced carcinoma of the breast (II. Inflammatory carcinoma). Cancer. 1994;74:466–476
  31. Bauer RL, Busch E, Levine E, et al. Therapy for inflammatory breast cancer: impact of doxorubicin-based therapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;2:288–294
  32. Harris EE, Schultz D, Bertsch H, et al. Ten-year outcome after combined modality therapy for inflammatory breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:1200–1208
  33. Low JA, Berman AW, Steinberg SM, et al. Long-term follow-up for locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer patients treated with multimodality therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:4067–4074
  34. Veyret C, Levy C, Chollet P, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer outcome with epirubicin-based induction and maintenance chemotherapy: ten-year results from the French Adjuvant Study Group GETIS 02 Trial. Cancer. 2006;107:2535–2544
  35. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet. 2005;365:1687–1717
  36. Koh EH, Buzdar AU, Ames FC, et al. Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast: results of a combined-modality approach-M.D Anderson Cancer Center experience. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1990;27:94–100
  37. Singleltary SE, Ames FC, Buzdar AU. Management of inflammatory breast cancer. World J Surg. 1994;18:87–92
  38. Buzdar AU, Singeltary SE, Booser DJ, et al. Combined modality treatment of stage III and inflammatory breast cancer (M.D Anderson Cancer Center experience). Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1995;4:715–734
  39. Baldini E, Gardin G, Evangelista G, et al. Long-term results of combined-modality therapy for inflammatory breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2004;5:358–363
  40. Hennessy BT, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hortobagyi GN, et al. Disease-free and overall survival after pathological complete disease remission of cytologically proven inflammatory breast carcinoma axillary lymph node metastases after primary systemic chemotherapy. Cancer. 2006;106:1000–1006
  41. Cristofanilli M, Buzdar AU, Sneige N, et al. Paclitaxel in the mulitmodality treatment for inflammatory breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;92:1775–1782
  42. Cristofanilli M, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Buzdar AU, et al. Paclitaxel improves the prognosis in estrogen receptor negative inflammatory breast cancer: the M.D Anderson Cancer Center experience. Clin Breast Cancer. 2004;4:415–419
  43. Cristofanilli M, Valero V, Buzdar AU, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and patterns of recurrence: understanding the biology of a unique disease. Cancer. 2007;110:1436–1444
  44. Reese DM, Slamon DJ. HER-2/neu signal transduction in human breast and ovarian cancer. Stem Cells. 1997;15:1–8
  45. Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B, et al. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1659–1684
  46. Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, et al. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1673–1684
  47. Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, et al. Human breast cancer: use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpress HER2. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:783–792
  48. Buzdar AU, Ibrahim NK, Francis D, et al. Significantly higher pathologic complete remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and epirubicin chemotherapy: results of a randomized trial in human epidermal growth receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3676–3685
  49. Dawood S, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Peintinger F, et al. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant trastuzumab combined with paclitaxel and epirubicin: a retrospective review of the M. D. Anderson experience. Cancer. 2007;110:1195–1200
  50. Parton M, Dowsett M, Ashley S, et al. High incidence of HER-2 positivity in inflammatory breast cancer. Breast. 2004;13:97–103
  51. Hurley J, Doliny P, Reis I, et al. Docetaxel, cisplatin, and trastuzumab as primary systemic therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-postive locally advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:1831–1838
  52. Van Pelt AE, Mohsin S, Elledge RM, et al. Neoadjuvant trastuzumab and docetaxel in breast cancer: preliminary results. Clin Breast Cancer. 2003;4:348–353
  53. Limentani SA, Brufsky AM, Erban JK, et al. Phase II study of neoadjuvant docetaxel, vinorelbine, and trastuzumab followed by surgery and adjuvant doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing locally advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1232–1238
  54. Burstein HJ, Harris LN, Gelman R, et al. Preoperative therapy with trastuzumab and paclitaxel followed by sequential adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide for HER2 overexpressing stage II or III breast cancer: a pilot study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:46–53
  55. Xia W, Mullin RJ, Keith BR, et al. Anti-tumor activity of GW572016: a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor blocks EGF activation of EGFR/erbB2 and downstream Erk1/2 and AKT pathways. Oncogene. 2002;21:6255–6263
  56. Geyer CE, Forster J, Lindquist D, et al. Lapatinib plus Capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2733–2743
  57. Burris HA, Hurwitz HI, Dees EC, et al. Phase I safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity study of lapatinib (GW572016), a reversible dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic carcinomas. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:5305–5313
  58. Spector NL, Blackwell K, Hurley J, et al. EGF103009, a phase II trial of lapatinib monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): clinical activity and biologic predictors of response. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(Suppl 18S):502;2006 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I
  59. Cristofanilli M, Boussen H, Baselga J, et al. A phase II combination study of lapatinib and paclitaxel as a neoadjuvant therapy in patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006;100(Suppl 1):S5;(abstr 1)
  60. Cristofanilli M, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Update on the management of inflammatory breast cancer. Oncologist. 2003;8:141–148
  61. Somlo G, Frankel P, Chow W, et al. Prognostic indictors and survival in patients with stage IIIB inflammatory breast carcinoma after dose-intense chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:1839–1848
  62. Cheng YC, Rondon G, Yang Y, et al. The use of high dose cyclophosphomide, carmustine, and thiotepa plus autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as consolidation therapy for high-risk primary breast cancer after primary breast cancer after primary surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2004;10:794–804
  63. Veins P, Palangie T, Janvier M, et al. First-line high-dose sequential chemotherapy with rG-CSF and repeated blood stem cell transplantation in untreated inflammatory breast cancer: toxicity and response (PEGASE 02 trial). Br J Cancer. 1999;81:449–456
  64. Shirakawa K, Tsuda H, Heike Y, et al. Absence of endothelial cell, central necrosis, and fibrosis are associated with aggressive inflammatory breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2001;61:445–451
  65. Stopeck A, Sheldon M, Vahedian M, et al. Results of a phase I dose-escalating study of the antiangiogenic agent, SU5416, in patients with advanced malignancies. Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:2798–2805
  66. Miller KD, Trigo JM, Wheeler C, et al. A multicenter phase II trial of ZD6474, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:3369–3376
  67. Miller KD, Chap LI, Holmes FA, et al. Randomized phase III trial of capecitabine compared with bevacizumab plus capecitabine in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;25:792–799
  68. Cobleigh MA, Langmuir VK, Sledge GW, et al. A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of bevacizumab in previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Semin Oncol. 2003;30:117–1124
  69. Miller KD, Wang M, Gralow J, et al. A randomized phase III trial of paclitaxel versus paclitaxel plus bevacizumab as first line therapy for locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: a trial conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2100). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;94(Suppl 1):
  70. Wedam S, Low J, Yang X, et al. A pilot study to evaluate response and angiognesis after treatment with bevacizumab in patients with inflammatory breast cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2004;22:578;abstr
  71. Overmoyer B, Robertson K, Persons M, et al. A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of SU5416 and doxorubicin (ADR) in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2001;21:391;abstr
  72. Sonpavde G, Hutson TE. Pazopanib: a novel multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Curr Oncol Rep. 2007;9:115–119
  73. Jonston SR, Hickish T, Ellis P, et al. Phase II study of the efficacy and tolerability of two dosing regimens of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor, R115777, in advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2492–2499
  74. http://www.cancer.gov/search/ViewClinicalTrials.aspx?cdrid=331694&version=HealthProfessional&protocolsearchid=1863425.

PII: S0093-7754(07)00237-0

doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.11.012

Seminars in Oncology
Volume 35, Issue 1 , Pages 64-71 , February 2008