Seminars in Oncology
Volume 36, Issue 5 , Pages 468-477 , October 2009

Psychosocial Outcomes and Service Use Among Young Adults With Cancer

  • Brad Zebrack

      Affiliations

    • University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Brad Zebrack, PhD, MSW, MPH, 1080 S University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1106
    • ,
  • Rachel Hamilton

      Affiliations

    • University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI
    • ,
  • Ashley Wilder Smith

      Affiliations

    • Outcomes Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD

References 

  1. National Cancer Institute. Closing the gap: research and care imperatives for adolescents and young adults with cancer. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; and the LiveStrong Young Adult Alliance; 2006;
  2. Bleyer WA, Albritton KH, Ries LAG, Barr R. Introduction. In:  Bleyer WA,  Barr RD editor. Cancer in adolescents and young adults. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2007;p. 1–26
  3. Institute of Medicine (IOM). Cancer care for the whole patient: meeting psychosocial health needs. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2007;
  4. Bandura A. Self efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman; 1997;
  5. Haase JE, Phillips CR. The adolescent/young adult experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2004;21:145–149
  6. Cwikel JG, Behar LC. Organizing social work services with adult cancer patients: Integrating empirical research. Social Work Health Care. 1999;28:55–76
  7. Bleyer A. The adolescent and young adult gap in cancer care and outcome. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2005;35:182–186
  8. Rowland JH. Developmental stage and adaptation: adult model. In:  Holland JC,  Rowland JH editor. Handbook of psychooncology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1990;p. 25–43Chapter 3
  9. Shama W, Lucchetta S. Psychosocial issues of the adolescent cancer patient and the development of the teenage outreach program (TOP). J Psychosocial Oncol. 2007;25:99–112
  10. Albritton K, Bleyer WA. The management of cancer in the older adolescent. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:2584–2599
  11. Zebrack BJ, Chesler MA, Penn A. Psychosocial support. In:  Bleyer WA,  Barr RD editor. Cancer in adolescents and young adults. New York: Springer Verlag; 2007;p. 375–385
  12. Zeltzer L. Cancer in adolescents and young adults. Cancer. 1993;71:3463–3468
  13. Eiser C, Kuperberg A. Psychological support for adolescents and young adults. In:  Bleyer WA,  Barr RD editor. Cancer in adolescents and young adults. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2007;p. 365–374
  14. Roberts CS, Turney ME, Knowles AM. Psychosocial issues of adolescents with cancer. Social Work Health Care. 1998;27:3–18
  15. Evan E, Zeltzer LK. Psychosocial dimensions of cancer in adolescents and young adults. Cancer. 2006;107:1663–1671
  16. Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood: a theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol. 2000;55:469–480
  17. Bleyer A, Barr R. Cancer in young adults 20 to 39 years of age: overview. Semin Oncol. 2009;36:194–205
  18. Bleyer WA. Cancer in older adolescents and young adults: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, survival, and importance of clinical trials. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2002;38:1–10
  19. Mills RJ, Bhandari S. Health insurance coverage in the US: 2002 (Current population reports; US Census). 2003;http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs
  20. Quinn K, Schoen C, Buatti L. On their own: young adults living without health insurance (Commonwealth Fund). 2000;
  21. Maurice-Stam H, Grootenhuis MA, Caron HN, Last BF. Course of life of survivors of childhood cancer is related to quality of life in young adulthood. J Psychosocial Oncol. 2007;25:43–58
  22. Grinyer A. The biographical impact of teenage and adolescent cancer. Chronic Illness. 2007;3:265–277
  23. Bleyer WA, Albritton KH, Ries LAG, Barr R. Introduction. In:  Bleyer WA,  Barr RD editor. Cancer in adolescents and young adults. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2007;p. 1–26
  24. Palmer S, Thomas D. A practice framework for working with 15-25 year-old cancer patients treated within the adult health sector. Melbourne, Australia: onTrac@PeterMac Victorian Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Service; 2008;
  25. Whiteson M. The Teenage Cancer Trust—advocating a model for teenage cancer services. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:2688–2693
  26. Whelan J. Where should teenagers with cancer be treated?. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:2573–2578
  27. Jones BL. Promoting healthy development among survivors of adolescent cancer. Family Community Health. 2008;31:S61–S70
  28. Wenzel L, Dogan-Ates A, Habbal R, et al. Defining and measuring reproductive concerns of female cancer survivors. JNCI Monogr. 2005;34:94–98
  29. Roberts JE, Oktay K. Fertility preservation: a comprehensive approach to the young woman with cancer. JNCI Monogr. 2005;(34):57–59
  30. Janson PO. Possibilities of fertility preservation in children and young adults undergoing treatment for malignancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2000;79:240–243
  31. Schover LR. Psychosocial aspects of infertility and decisions about reproduction in young cancer survivors: a review. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999;33:53–59
  32. Arai Y, Kawakita M, Okada Y, Yoshida O. Sexuality and fertility in long-term survivors of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:1444–1448
  33. Hartmann JT, Albrecht C, Schmoll HJ, Kuczyk MA, Kollmannsberger C, Bokemeyer C. Long-term effects on sexual function and fertility after treatment of testicular cancer. Br J Cancer. 1999;80:801–807
  34. Kokkonen J, Vainionpaa L, Winqvist S, Lanning M. Physical and psychosocial outcome for young adults with treated malignancy. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1997;14:223–232
  35. Mitchell AE, Scarcella DL, Rigutto GL, Thursfield VJ, Giles GG, Sexton M, et al. Cancer in adolescents and young adults: treatment and outcome in Victoria. Med J Aust. 2004;180:59–62
  36. Feldman AK, Welch JP. Long-term outcome in women less than 30 years of age with breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 1998;68:193–198
  37. Knobf MT. The menopausal symptom experience in young mid-life women with breast cancer. Cancer Nurs. 2001;24:201–210
  38. Roberts CS, Severinsen C, Carraway C, Clark DA, Freeman M, Daniel P. Life changes and problems experienced by young adults with cancer. J Psychosocial Oncol. 1997;15:15–25
  39. Bello LK, McIntire SN. Body image disturbances in young adults with cancer: implications for the oncology clinical nurse specialist. Cancer Nurs. 1995;18:138–143
  40. Daiter S, Larson RA, Weddington WW, Ultmann JE. Psychosocial symptomatology, personal growth, and development among young adult patients following the diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 1988;6:613–617
  41. Felder-Puig R, Formann AK, Mildner A, Bretschneider W, Bucher B, Windhager R, et al. Quality of life and psychosocial adjustment of young patients after treatment of bone cancer. Cancer. 1998;83:69–75
  42. Kyngas H, Mikkonen R, Nousiainen EM, Rytilahti M, Seppänen P, Vaattovaara R, et al. Coping with the onset of cancer: coping strategies and resources of young people with cancer. Eur J Cancer Care. 2001;10:6–11
  43. Tuulio-Hendriksson A, Poikolainen K, Aalto-Setälä T, Lönnqvist J. Psychological defense styles in late adolescence and young adulthood: a follow-up study. J Am Acad Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:1148–1153
  44. Bloom JR, Fobair P, Gritz E. Psychosocial outcomes of cancer: a comparative analysis of Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:979–988
  45. Bloom JR, Hoppe RT, Fobair P, Cox RS, Varghese A, Spiegel D. Effects of treatment on the work experiences of long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease. J Psychosocial Oncol. 1988;6:65–80
  46. Fobair P, Hoppe RT, Bloom J, Cox RS, Varghese A, Spiegel D. Psychosocial problems among survivors of Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol. 1986;4:805–814
  47. Cella DF. Identifying survivors of pediatric Hodgkin's disease who need psychological interventions. J Psychosocial Oncol. 1987;5:83–96
  48. Kornblith AB, Anderson J, Cella DF, Tross S, Zuckerman E, Cherin E, et al. Hodgkin's disease survivors at increased risk for problems in psychosocial adaptation. Cancer. 1992;70:2214–2224
  49. Arai Y, Kawakita M, Hida S, Terachi T, Okada Y, Yoshida O. Psychosocial aspects in long-term survivors of testicular cancer. J Urol. 1996;155:574–578
  50. Fossea SD, Dahl AA, Haaland CF. Health-related quality of life in patients treated for testicular cancer. Curr Opin Urol. 1999;9:425–429
  51. Heidenreich A, Hofmann R. Quality of life issues in the treatment of testicular cancer. World J Urol. 1999;17:230–238
  52. Ozen H, Sahin A, Toklu C, Rastadoskouee M, Kilic C, Gogus A, et al. Psychosocial adjustment after testicular cancer treatment. J Urol. 1998;159:1947–1950
  53. Dunn J, Steginga SK. Young women's experience of breast cancer: defining young and identifying concerns. Psychooncology. 2000;9:137–146
  54. Sammarco A. Perceived social support, uncertainty, and quality of life of younger breast cancer survivors. Cancer Nurs. 2001;24:212–219
  55. Abrahamson PE, Gammon MD, Lund M, Britton JA, Marshall SW, Flagg EW, et al. Recreational physical activity and survival among young women with breast cancer. Cancer. 2006;107:1777–1785
  56. Zebrack B, Bleyer A, Albritton K, Medearis S, Tang J. Assessing the health care needs of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients and survivors. Cancer. 2006;107:2915–2923
  57. White PH. Access to health care: health insurance considerations for young adults with special health care needs/disabilities. Pediatrics. 2002;110:1328–1335
  58. Grinyer A, Thomas C. Young adults with cancer: the effect of the illness on parents and families. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2001;7:162–170
  59. Mor V, Allen S, Malin M. The psychosocial impact of cancer on older versus younger patients and their families. Cancer. 1994;74:2118–2127
  60. Costanzo ES, Ryff CD, Singer BH. Psychosocial adjustment among cancer survivors: findings from a national survey of health and well-being. Health Psychol. 2009;28:147–156
  61. Zebrack BJ, Yi J, Petersen L, Ganz PA. The impact of cancer and quality of life for long-term survivors. Psychooncology. 2008;17:891–900
  62. Lev EL, Paul D, Owen SV. Age, self-efficacy, and change in patients' adjustment to cancer. Cancer Practice. 1999;7:170–176
  63. Parker PA, Baile WF, DeMoor C, Cohen L. Psychosocial and demographic predictors of quality of life in a large sample of cancer patients. Psychooncology. 2003;12:183–193
  64. Schnoll RA, Harlow LL. Using disease-related and demographic variables to form cancer-distress risk groups. J Behav Med. 2001;24:57–74
  65. Short PF, Mallonee EL, Erin L. Income disparities in the quality of life of cancer survivors. Med Care. 2006;44:16–23
  66. Schnoll RA, Knowles JC, Harlow L. Correlates of adjustment among cancer survivors. J Psychosocial Oncol. 2002;20:37–60
  67. Michalec B. Exploring the multidimensional benefits of breast cancer support groups. J Psychosocial Oncol. 2005;23:159–179
  68. Fleer J, Sleijfer D, Hoekstra H, Tuinman M, Klip E, Hoekstra-Weebers J. Objective and subjective predictors of cancer-related stress symptoms in testicular cancer survivors. Patient Educ Counsel. 2006;64:142–150
  69. Steiner JF, Cavender TA, Nowels CT, Beaty BL, Bradley CJ, Fairclough DL, et al. The impact of physical and psychosocial factors on work characteristics after cancer. Psychooncology. 2008;17:138–147
  70. Wiener L, Battles H, Bernstein D, Long L, Derdak J, Mackall CL, et al. Persistent psychological distress in long-term survivors of pediatric sarcoma: the experience at a single institution. Psychooncology. 2006;15:898–910
  71. Zebrack BJ, Chesler MA. Quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. Psychooncology. 2002;11:132–141
  72. Baker F, Denniston M, Hann DM, Gesme D, Reding DJ, Flynn T, et al. Factor structure and concurrent validity of the satisfaction with life domains scale for cancer (SLDS-C). J Psychosocial Oncol. 2007;25:1–17
  73. Chen E, Zeltzer LK, Bentler PM, Byrne J, Nicholson HS, Meadows AT, et al. Pathways linking treatment intensity and psychosocial outcomes among adult survivors of childhood leukemia. J Health Psychol. 1998;3:23–28
  74. Stava CJ, Lopez A, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R. Health profiles of younger and older breast cancer survivors. Cancer. 2006;107:1752–1759
  75. Ganz PA, Schag C, Heinrich RL. The psychosocial impact of cancer on the elderly: a comparison with younger patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985;33:429–435
  76. Vinokur A, Threatt BA, Vinokur-Kaplan D, Satariano WA. The process of recovery from breast cancer for younger and older patients: changes during the first year. Cancer. 1990;65:1242–1254
  77. Zebrack B, Zeltzer L. Living beyond the sword of Damocles: surviving childhood cancer. Exp Rev Anticancer Ther. 2001;1:163–164
  78. O'Connor RE. On being treated as a person: a review of non-physical interventions to improve outcomes for adolescents and young adults with cancer. Sydney, Australia: Canteen—The Australian Organization for Young People Living With Cancer; 2006;
  79. Holland KD, Holahan CK. The relation of social support and coping to positive adaptation to breast cancer. Psychol Health. 2003;18:15–29
  80. Michael YL, Berkman LF, Colditz GA, Holmes MD, Kawachi I. Social networks and health-related quality of life in breast cancer survivors: a prospective study. J Psychosom Res. 2002;52:285–293
  81. Lim J, Zebrack B. Different pathways in social support and quality of life between Korean American and Korean breast and gynecological cancer survivors. Quality Life Res. 2008;17:679–689
  82. Boer H, Elving WJL, Seydel ER. Psychosocial factors and mental health in cancer patients: opportunities for health promotion. Psychol Health Med. 1998;3:71–79
  83. Corey AL, Haase JE, Azzouz F, Monahan PO. Social support and symptom distress in adolescents/young adults with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2008;25:275–284
  84. Kreitler S, Peleg D, Ehrenfeld M. Stress, self-efficacy and quality of life in cancer patients. Psychooncology. 2007;16:329–341
  85. Merluzzi TV, Sanchez MAM. Assessment of self-efficacy and coping with cancer: development and validation of the Cancer Behavior Inventory. Health Psychol. 1997;16:163–170
  86. Cunningham A, Lockwood GA, Cunningham JA. A relationship between perceived self-efficacy and quality of life in cancer patients. Patient Educ Counseling. 1991;17:71–78
  87. Kohno Y, Maruyama M, Matsuoka Y, Matsushita T, Koeda M, Matsushima E. Relationship of psychological characteristics and self-efficacy in gastrointestinal cancer survivors. Psychooncology. [Epub ahead of print, February 9, 2009].
  88. Beckham JC, Burker EJ, Lytle BL, Feldman ME, Costakis MJ. Self-efficacy and adjustment in cancer patients: a preliminary report. Behav Med. 1997;23:138–143
  89. Manne SL, Ostroff JS, Norton TR, Fox K, Grana G, Goldstein L. Cancer-specific self-efficacy and psychosocial and functional adaptation to early stage breast cancer. Ann Behav Med. 2006;31:145–154
  90. Gallagher J, Parle M, Cairns D. Appraisal and psychological distress six months after diagnosis of breast cancer. Br J Health Psychol. 2002;7:365–376
  91. Merluzzi TV, Nairn RC, Hegde K, Martinez Sanchez MA, Dunn L. Self-efficacy for coping with cancer: revision of the Cancer Behavior Inventory (version 2.0). Psychooncology. 2001;10:206–217
  92. Luszczynska A, Mohamed NE, Schwarzer R. Self-efficacy and social support predict benefit finding 12 months after cancer surgery: the mediating role of coping strategies. Psychology Health Med. 2005;10:365–375
  93. Boehmer S, Luszczynska A, Schwarzer R. Coping and quality of life after tumor surgery: Personal and social resources promote different domains of quality of life. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2007;20:61–75
  94. Neipp M-C, Lopez-Roig SPastor MA. Control beliefs in cancer: a literature review. An Psicol. 2007;38:333–355
  95. Zebrack B, Bleyer A, Albritton K, Medearis S, Tang J. Assessing the health care needs of young adult cancer patients and survivors. Cancer. 2006;107:2915–2923
  96. Zebrack BJ. Information and service needs for young adult cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2008;16:1353–1360
  97. Zebrack B. Information and service needs for young adult cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2009;17:349–357
  98. McQuellon RP, Danhauer SC. Psychosocial rehabilitation in cancer care. In:  Chang AE,  Ganz PA,  Hayes DF, et al. editor. Oncology. New York: Springer; 2006;p. 1942–1954
  99. Chesler M, Barbarin O. Childhood cancer and the family. New York: Brunner/Mazel; 1987;
  100. Coluzzi PH, Grant M, Doroshow JH, Rhiner M, Ferrell B, Rivera L. Survey of the provision of supportive care services at National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:756–764
  101. Holland JC. Update: NCCN practice guidelines for the management of psychosocial distress. Oncology. 1999;13:113–147
  102. Clerici CA, Massimino M, Casanova M, Cefalo G, Terenziani M, Vasquez R, et al. Psychological referral and consultation for adolescents and young adults with cancer treated at a pediatric oncology unit. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;51:105–109
  103. Hewitt M, Rowland JH. Mental health service use among adult cancer survivors: analyses of the National Health Interview survey. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:4581–4590
  104. Gadalla TM. Cancer patients' use of social work services in Canada: prevalence, profile, and predictors of use. Health Social Work. 2007;32:189–196
  105. Stegina SK, Campbell A, Ferguson M, Beeden A, Walls M, Cairns W, et al. Socio-demographic, psychosocial and attitudinal predictors of help seeking after cancer diagnosis. Psychooncology. 2008;17:997–1005
  106. Grande GE, Myers LB, Sutton SR. How do patients who participate in cancer support groups differ from those who do not?. Psychooncology. 2006;15:321–334
  107. Krizek C, Roberts C, Ragan R, Ferrara JJ, Lord B. Gender and cancer support group participation. Cancer Practice. 1999;7:86–92
  108. Cameron LD, Booth RJ, Schlatter M, Ziginskas D, Harman JE, Benson SRC. Cognitive and affective determinants of decisions to attend a group psychosocial support program for women with breast cancer. Psychosom Med. 2005;67:584–589
  109. Owen JE, Goldstein MS, Lee JH, Breen N, Rowland JH. Use of health-related and cancer-specific support groups among adult cancer survivors. Cancer. 2007;109:2580–2589
  110. Mehnert A, Koch U. Psychological comorbidity and health-related quality of life and its association with awareness, utilization, and need for psychosocial support in a cancer register-based sample of long-term breast cancer survivors. J Psychosom Res. 2008;64:383–391
  111. Eakin EG, Strycker LA. Awareness and barriers to use of cancer support and information resources by HMO patients with breast, prostate, or colon cancer: patient and provider perspectives. Psychooncology. 2001;10:103–113
  112. Sherman AC, Pennington J, Simonton S, Latif U, Arent L, Farley H. Determinants of participation in cancer support groups: the role of health beliefs. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15:92–100
  113. Boesen E, Boesen S, Christensen S, Johansen C. Comparison of participants and non-participants in a randomized psychosocial intervention study among patients with malignant melanoma. Psychosomatics. 2007;48:510–516
  114. Plass A, Koch U. Participation of oncological outpatients in psychosocial support. Psychooncology. 2001;10:511–520
  115. Mols F, Helfenrath KA, Vingerhoets AJJM, Coebergh JWW, Van de Poll-Franse LV. Increased health care utilization among long-term cancer survivors compared to the average Dutch population: a population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:871–877
  116. Michalec B, Van Willigen M, Wilson K, Schreier A, Williams S. The race gap in support group participation by breast cancer survivors: real or artifact?. Eval Rev. 2004;28:123–143
  117. Bauman LJ, Gervey R, Siegel K. Factors associated with cancer patients' participation in support groups. J Psychosocial Oncol. 1992;10:1–20
  118. Taylor SE, Falke RL, Shoptaw SJ, Lichtman RR. Social support, support groups, and the cancer patient. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1986;54:608–615
  119. Edgar L, Remmer J, Rosberger Z, Fournier MA. Resource use in women completing treatment for breast cancer. Psychooncology. 2000;9:428–438
  120. Voerman B, Visser A, Fischer M, Garssen B, van Andel G, Bensing J. Determinants of participation in social support groups for prostate cancer patients. Psychooncology. 2007;16:1092–1099
  121. Canada AL, Schover LR, Li Y. A pilot intervention to enhance psychosexual development in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49:824–828
  122. Eiser C, Hill JJ, Blacklay A. Surviving cancer: what does it mean for you? (An evaluation of a clinic based intervention for survivors of childhood cancer). Psychooncology. 2000;9:214–220
  123. Roberts CS, Piper L, Denny J, Cuddeback G. A support group intervention to facilitate young adults' adjustment to cancer. Health Social Work. 1997;22:133–141
  124. Schwartz CE, Feinberg RG, Jilinskaia E, Applegate JC. An evaluation of a psychosocial intervention for survivors of childhood cancer: paradoxical effects of response shift over time. Psychooncology. 1999;8:344–354
  125. Meyer TJ, Mark MM. Effects of psychosocial interventions with adult cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized experiments. Health Psychol. 1995;14:101–108
  126. Trijsburg RW, van Knippenberg FCE, Rijpma SE. Effects of psychological treatment on cancer patients: a critical review. Psychosom Med. 1992;54:489–517
  127. Cwikel J, Behar L, Rabson-Hare J. A comparison of a vote count and meta-analysis review of intervention research with adult cancer patients. Res Social Work Practice. 2000;10:139–158
  128. Gottlieb BH, Wachala ED. Cancer support groups: a critical review of empirical studies. Psychooncology. 2007;16:379–400
  129. Hoey LM, Ieropoli SC, White VM, Jefford M. Systematic review of peer-support programs for people with cancer. Patient Educ Counseling. 2008;70:315–337
  130. Campbell HS, Phaneuf MR, Deane K. Cancer peer support programs—do they work?. Patient Educ Counseling. 2004;55:3–15
  131. Jacobsen PB, Jim HS. Psychosocial interventions for anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients: achievements and challenges. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58:214–230
  132. Graves KD. Social cognitive theory and cancer patients' quality of life: a meta-analysis of psychosocial intervention components. Health Psychol. 2003;22:210–219
  133. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84:191–215
  134. Jerusalem M, Schwarzer R. Self-efficacy as a resource factor in stress appraisal processes. In:  Schwarzer R editors. Self-efficacy: thought control of action. Washington, DC: Hemisphere; 1992;p. 195–213
  135. Bandura A. Self-efficacy. In:  Ramachaudran VS editors. Encyclopedia of human behavior. New York: Academic Press; 1994;p. 71–81
  136. Greve W, Anderson A, Krampen G. Self-efficacy and externality in adolescence: theoretical conceptions and measurement in New Zealand and German secondary school students. Identity Int J Theory Res. 2001;1:321–344
  137. Lev EL, Owen SV. Counseling women with breast cancer using principles developed by Albert Bandura. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2000;36:131–138
  138. Weber BA, Roberts BL, Yarandi H, Mills TL, Chumbler NR, Algood C. The impact of dyadic social support on self-efficacy and depression after radical prostatectomy. J Aging Health. 2007;19:630–634
  139. Giese-Davis J, Bliss-Isberg C, Carson K, Star P, Donaghy J, Cordova MJ, et al. The effect of peer counseling on quality of life following diagnosis of breast cancer: an observational study. Psychooncology. 2006;15:1014–1022
  140. Telch CFT, Telch MJ. Group skills instruction and supportive group therapy for cancer patients: a comparison of strategies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1986;54:802–808
  141. Bass SB, Ruzek SB, Gordon TF, Fleisher L, McKeown-Conn N, Moore D. Relationship of internet health information use with patient behavior and self-efficacy: experiences of newly diagnosed cancer patients who contact the National Cancer Institute's cancer information service. J Health Commun. 2006;11:219–236
  142. Török S, Kökönyei G, Károlyi L, Ittzés A, Tomcsányi T. Outcome effectiveness of therapeutic recreation camping program for adolescents living with cancer and diabetes. J Adolesc Health. 2006;39:445–447
  143. Helgeson VS, Lepore SJ, Eton DT. Moderators of the benefits of psychoeducational interventions for men with prostate cancer. Health Psychol. 2006;25:348–354
  144. Rose C, Stovall EL, Ganz PA, Desch C, Hewitt M. Cancer Quality Alliance: blueprint for a better cancer care system. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58:266–292
  145. Holland JC, Lewis S. The human side of cancer: living with hope, coping with uncertainty. New York: Harper Collins; 2000;

PII: S0093-7754(09)00138-9

doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2009.07.003

Seminars in Oncology
Volume 36, Issue 5 , Pages 468-477 , October 2009

Article Tools